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| Direct-Fed Microbial: Beneficial Applications, Modes of Action and
Prospects as a Safe Tool for Enhancing Ruminant Production and
Safeguarding Health |
Rifat Ullah Khan  ,
Shabana Naz,
Kuldeep Dhama ,
K. Karthik,
Ruchi Tiwari ,
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman ,
Ibrahim A. Alhidary and Arshad Zahoor |
Abstract:
Recently, animal food industry has shown an increasing interest in Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) to keep the concept of safe food supply
at the consumer level. In the absence of suitable growth stimulant after banning the use of antibiotics in animal feed, a positive
manipulation of rumen microbes has become the field research for entrepreneurs and research scientists. Direct-fed microbials is a term
reserved for naturally occurring live microbes that can be supplemented orally to produce a beneficial health response in the host animal.
A number of genera of live microorganisms including; bacteria, yeast and fungi are frequently used in different combination feed as DFM
for domestic ruminants. It has been documented that these live culture of microbes improve ruminant productivity, milk production,
immunity, digestibility of feed, counter infectious pathogens and protect health. Possible attempts have also been undertaken to justify
the mechanism of these microbes. This review tries to summarize the effect of supplementation of DFM on the production, immune
response, fermentation pattern and safeguarding health. The discussed concepts and advances concerning to DFM implementation will
be useful not only for the researchers, animal owners, feed manufacturers, pharmacists, pharmaceutical companies, stake holders but
will also boost the economic gains and profits by promoting the ruminant health and production through feed modification.
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How to cite this article:
Rifat Ullah Khan, Shabana Naz, Kuldeep Dhama, K. Karthik, Ruchi Tiwari, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman, Ibrahim A. Alhidary and Arshad Zahoor, 2016. Direct-Fed Microbial: Beneficial Applications, Modes of Action and
Prospects as a Safe Tool for Enhancing Ruminant Production and
Safeguarding Health. International Journal of Pharmacology, 12: 220-231.
DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.220.231
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijp.2016.220.231
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