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| Modes of Action and Beneficial Applications of Chromium in Poultry Nutrition, Production and Health: A Review |
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Rifat Ullah Khan,
Shabana Naz,
Kuldeep Dhama,
Mani Saminathan,
Ruchi Tiwari,
Gwang Joo Jeon,
Vito Laudadio and Vincenzo Tufarelli |
Abstract:
Trace elements supplementation is now widely considered not
only essential but also beneficial to avian species. In the last few decades,
chromium (Cr) has been considered to play important role in livestock and poultry
nutrition, production and health and also as a potent toxin depending on the
dosage levels. It has been documented that chromium may enhance growth rate
and egg quality in meat and egg type chickens, respectively. Chromium is identified
as an essential nutritional supplement and it has been utilized for weight gain,
to improve Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), increase relative organ weight, muscle
development and relative breast mass, that’s
why Cr has been a popular mineral supplement. It is also a potent antioxidant
and hypocholesterimic agent. It increases the retention of other essential elements
in blood and decreases their excretion. The beneficial effects of Cr have been
linked with improved nutrient digestion and enhanced metabolism. Chromium (Cr)
supplementation may improve function of various digestive organs such as liver
and pancreas with regards to secretion of digestive enzymes. Supplementation
of Cr has promising effects on the immune system by way of relative increase
in lymphoid organ weight (bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus), decreased
heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, enhanced antibody response against infectious diseases
and increased Cell-Mediated Immune (CMI) response. In the current review some
of the beneficial aspects of Cr in poultry nutrition and their possible mechanisms
of actions are discussed with a view to explore and promote its optimum utilization
in poultry production and health.
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How to cite this article:
Rifat Ullah Khan, Shabana Naz, Kuldeep Dhama, Mani Saminathan, Ruchi Tiwari, Gwang Joo Jeon, Vito Laudadio and Vincenzo Tufarelli, 2014. Modes of Action and Beneficial Applications of Chromium in Poultry Nutrition, Production and Health: A Review. International Journal of Pharmacology, 10: 357-367.
DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.357.367
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijp.2014.357.367
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