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Analysis of the Phytochemical Content and the Antibacterial, Antifungal
and Antioxidant Activities of the Roots, Stems and Leaves of Hemidesmus indicus, Ocimum sanctum and Tinospora cordifolia |
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P. Visweswara Rao,
P. Sujana,
T. Vijaykanth,
Nanda Siva Sankar,
B. Vijaya Kumar,
Dhananjaya Naidu and S.H. Gan |
Abstract:
Hemidesmus indicus (H. indicus), Ocimum
sanctum (O. sanctum) and Tinospora cordifolia (T. cordifolia)
are three important medicinal plants in traditional Indian medicine. In this
study, the methanolic and chloroform extracts of different plant parts (roots,
stems and leaves) of H. indicus, O. sanctum and T. cordifolia
were subjected to phytochemical, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant tests.
Phytochemical screening of both extracts of each plant part revealed the presence
of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids
and tannins. The methanolic extracts of all three plants exhibited greater antibacterial
and antioxidant effects than the chloroform extracts. These effects could be
related to the high content of phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids,
steroids, tannins, flavonoids and phenols. When comparing the various plant
parts, the roots of H. indicus had the highest number of antimicrobial
activities, showing antibacterial properties against all of the investigated
organisms except for one (A. flavus). The H. indicus leaf extract
had antibacterial activities against S. aureus, E. coli and K.
pneumoniae while the stem was effective against P. vulgaris and A.
niger. The root of T. cordifolia has the second highest antimicrobial
activity, acting against five different organisms (B. subtilis, S.
aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. vulgaris and A. niger).
O. sanctum leaf extract exhibits antibacterial activity against B. subtilis
and E. coli, while the stem is only effective against B. subtilis.
The methanolic root and stem extracts of H. indicus, the methanolic
leaf extract of O. sanctum and the stem extract of T. cordifolia also
have antioxidant potential.
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How to cite this article:
P. Visweswara Rao, P. Sujana, T. Vijaykanth, Nanda Siva Sankar, B. Vijaya Kumar, Dhananjaya Naidu and S.H. Gan, 2013. Analysis of the Phytochemical Content and the Antibacterial, Antifungal
and Antioxidant Activities of the Roots, Stems and Leaves of Hemidesmus indicus, Ocimum sanctum and Tinospora cordifolia. International Journal of Pharmacology, 9: 277-287.
DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2013.277.287
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijp.2013.277.287
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