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Asian Journal of Biotechnology

Year: 2011 | Volume: 3 | Issue: 4 | Page No.: 329-336
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Authors

P. Chellapandi

J. Ranjani

Keywords

Review Article

Molecular Machinery of Crispr-CAS System-RNA Mediated Defense Pathway in Prokaryotes

P. Chellapandi and J. Ranjani
Small interfering RNA or silencing RNA plays a variety of roles in cellular process of organisms. Studies in bacteria and archaea had gene silencing pathways that are triggered by transgene expression or viral replication. RNA silencing mechanism is first recognized as antiviral mechanisms that protect organisms from RNA viruses, or which prevent the random integration of transposable elements. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) are arrays of prokaryotic DNA sequences that mediate a form of acquired immunity to specific viral pathogens. CRISPR-associated (CAS) proteins play an important role in the initial recognition of phage genetic material and incorporating these proto-spacers in the CRISPR array. Phage-derived spacers are incorporated at the CRISPR 5' leader sequence so that the ordered sequence of spacers essentially gives a temporal record of the infection history in that bacterial population. Hence, CRISPRs offer a high-resolution method for molecular typing of bacterial hosts and their pathogens based on the unique CRISPR signature.
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