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| Insights into Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB), Various Approaches for its Diagnosis,
Control and its Public Health Concerns: An Update |
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Amit Kumar Verma,
Ruchi Tiwari,
Sandip Chakraborty,
Neha ,
Mani Saminathan,
Kuldeep Dhama and Shoor Vir Singh |
Abstract:
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease transmitted from animals to
human and makes significant economic impacts due to high cost of eradication
programs, trade restriction and serious consequences regarding public health
thereby causing human tuberculosis. Mycobacterium bovis is the main etiological
agent of bTB which is an acid fast staining bacterium due to waxy substance
(mycolic acid) present in its bacterial cell wall. The bacteria can be transmitted
by both aerogenous and enterogenous routes. Disease causes development of miliary
tubercular lesions, chronic cough, obstructions of air passages and alimentary
tract or blood vessels and enlargement of lymph nodes. A spectrum of Cell-Mediated
Immune responses (CMI) predominate infection, projecting the role of macrophages
and T-cell populations. In advanced stage, there is increased humoral response.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) have
been widely used for the detection of M. tuberculosis complex in clinical
samples. Single intradermal test, short thermal test and Stormont tests are
the valuable delayed type of hypersensitivity tests. Gamma interferon assay,
lymphocyte proliferation assay, Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA),
multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA), Fluorescent Polarization Assay (FPA),
immunochromatographic lateral flow test, single antigen as well as multiplex
chemiluminescence assays are the various blood-based laboratory tests. Attenuated
bovine-strain of tuberculosis bacterium, known as Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin
(BCG) is used as vaccine. The present review addresses important insights into
the bovine TB, a complex and multi-species disease, the etiological agent, advances
and trends in its diagnosis, vaccine development and treatment options and the
public health significance of this important disease which would altogether
help devising effective strategies for prevention and control of tuberculosis
in cattle as well as in wildlife.
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How to cite this article:
Amit Kumar Verma, Ruchi Tiwari, Sandip Chakraborty, Neha , Mani Saminathan, Kuldeep Dhama and Shoor Vir Singh, 2014. Insights into Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB), Various Approaches for its Diagnosis,
Control and its Public Health Concerns: An Update. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9: 323-344.
DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2014.323.344
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ajava.2014.323.344
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