Research Journal of Phytochemistry1819-34712151-6081Science International10.3923/rjphyto.2017.1.10Canthium coromandelicum Leaves Exhibits Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Apoptotic Activity in DEN-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma]]>AnandThirupathi MuthiaAyu Chandra MohanShanmugavadivelu 12017111Background and Objective:Canthium coromandelicum is a traditional medicinal plant used in various regions of India for treating many diseases. However, its anticancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemopreventive action and the possible mechanisms of ethanolic extract of Canthium coromandelicum leaves (CEE) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer in rats. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic properties of CEE were studied by analyzing various proteins. Materials and Methods: Rats pretreated with leaves of CEE intragastrically at the dose of (500 mg kg1 b.wt.) for 1 week before the administration of DEN and continued till the end of the experiment (i.e., 16 weeks). Analysis of serum HC-related markers, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers, DNA-fragmentation assay, protein and gene analysis of apopotic markers were done. Results: Canthium coromandelicum restored the normal liver function by normalizing the serum markers like AST, ALT, ALP and αFP. The extract significantly reduced oxidative markers like MDA and total ROS and increased antioxidant markers like SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx. Proinflammatory mediators like TNF-α and iNOS protein levels were significantly reduced by Canthium coromandelicum. It also inhibited NF-κB activation by reducing phosphor-IκBα and increased cleavage of caspase-3 as well as DNA damage. Conclusion: The present study concludes that CEE exerts its hepatoprotective effect against HCC through induction of apoptosis via modulating oxidative damage and suppressing inflammatory response.]]>Yang, J.D. and L.R. Roberts,20107448458Shariff, M.I.F., I.J. Cox, A.I. Gomaa, S.A. Khan, W. Gedroyc and S.D. Taylor-Robinson,20093353367Moradpour, D. and H.E. Blum,200517477483Balkwill, F., K.A. Charles and A. Mantovani,20057211217Aggarwal, B.B., S. Shishodia, S.K. Sandur, M.K. Pandey and G. Sethi,20067216051621Reuter, S., S.C. Gupta, M.M. Chaturvedi and B.B. Aggarwal,20104916031616Park, D.H., J.W. Shin, S.K. Park, J.N. Seo, L. Li, J.J. Jang and M.J. Lee,2009191321326Ueno, S., D. Aoki, F. Kubo, K. Hiwatashi and K. Matsushita et al.,20051156455650Ahles, T.A., A.J. Saykin, C.T. Furstenberg, B. Cole and L.A. Mott et al.,200220485493Chinnaiyan, S.K., M.R. Subramanian, S.V. Kumar, A.N. Chandu and K. Deivasigamani,2013Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston leaves.]]>7588594Bandara, W.V.R.T.D.G., S. Ekanayake, E.R. Jansz and K. Balasubramanium,2009Canthium coromandelicum leaf as a functional food.]]>14105109Widanagamage, R. and S. Ekanayake,2009Canthium coromandelicum leaf extract on wistar rats.]]>145357Mohan, S.C., K. Sasikala and T. Anand,2014Canthium coromandelicum leaf extract-a preliminary study.]]>83541Patro, S.K. and D. Sasmal,2015In vitro antioxidant study and search for a novel bioactive compound from leave fractions of Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.F.) Alston.]]>638413852Krishnan, K.R., F. James and A. Mohan,2016Canthium parviflorum leaves.]]>8614617Sasikala, K. and S.C. Mohan,2014Canthium coromandelicum leaves extract.]]>6379381Anitha, B., V.R. Mohan, T. Athiperumalsami and S. Sutha,200812171180Ayyanar, M., K. Sankarasivaraman and S. Ignacimuthu,200812276280Suresh, K., R. Kottaimuthu, T.S.J. Norman, R. Kumuthakalavalli and S.M. Simon,20112502508Uchiyama, M. and M. Mihara,197886271278Nandi, A. and I.B. Chatterjee,198813305315Aebi, H.,1984in vitro.]]>1984pp: 121-126pp: 121-126Habig, W.H., M.J. Pabst and W.B. Jakoby,197424971307139El-Nekeety, A.A., S.H. Abdel-Azeim, A.M. Hassan, N.S. Hassan, S.E. Aly and M.A. Abdel-Wahhab,20141319329Cao, L., X.D. Zhou, M.A. Sens, S.H. Garrett and Y. Zheng et al.,2010+3-induced bladder cancer.]]>30416430El-Nekeety, A.A., S.R. Mohamed, A.S. Hathout, N.S. Hassan, S.E. Aly and M.A. Abdel-Wahhab,2011Thymus vulgaris oil against aflatoxin-induce oxidative stress in male rats.]]>57984991Karthik, K., P.B.R. Kumar, R.V. Priya, K.S. Kumar and R.S.B. Rathore,2013Canthium parviflorum by in-vitro method.]]>1729731Fathy, M. and T. Nikaido,2013In vivo modulation of iNOS pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma by Nigella sativa.]]>18377385Wang, X. and Y. Lin,20082912751288Kundu, J.K. and Y.J. Surh,2005591123146Hayden, M.S. and S. Ghosh,2008132344362Inoue, J.I., T. Ishida, N. Tsukamoto, N. Kobayashi, A. Naito, S. Azuma and T. Yamamoto,20002541424Dimmeler, S., J. Haendeler, M. Nehls and A.M. Zeiher,1997185601607Madesh, M., B. Antonsson, S.M. Srinivasula, E.S. Alnemri and G. Hajnoczky,2002c and Smac/DIABLO release and mitochondrial depolarization.]]>27756515659