Plant Pathology Journal1812-53871812-5425Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ppj.2007.324.329Ceratocystis paradoxa Using Trichoderma Species Phytotoxins on Oil Palm (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.) Sprouted Seeds]]>EziashiE. I.OmamorI. B.Dimaro-OruadeE. A.OgunkanmiL. A.4200764Ceratocystis paradoxa, causal agent of oil palm sprouted seeds rot produced phytotoxin, which induced brown discoloration on healthy oil palm sprouted seeds. This was observed 48 h after immersion in 70 and 100% solutions harvested at 21, 28 and 35 days. Brown discoloration observed on the apex of the radicle extended down to the base. Dryness of the tissue appeared grey-black, six days post inoculation. Symptom of brown discoloration was first observed on sprouted seeds treated with lyophilized phytotoxin from C. paradoxa, 22 h post inoculation. This was at 50, 70 and 100% concentrations, followed by non-sterilized and sterilized phytotoxins at 70 and 100% concentration each, 48 h post inoculation. One Hundred percent infection was reached ten days post inoculation with lyophilized phytotoxin at 100% concentration. Brown discoloration on radicle was observed on the 3rd day with phytotoxins from T. species treatment against C. paradoxa phytotoxin. T. viride, T. polysporum, T. hamatum and T. aureoviride produced phytotoxins, reduced infection rates on sprouted seeds immersed in phytotoxin from C. paradoxa. Concentration of Phytotoxins from T. species treatments without C. paradoxa phytotoxin, did not record symptoms at all levels of concentrations.]]>Anonymous,19651965Brian, P.W. and H.G. Hemming,1945Trichoderma viride.]]>32214220Chae, K.S., H.I. Lee, C.S. Choi and H.R. Kim,1999Agrius convolvuli.]]>124475481De Lucca, A.J. and T.J. Waish,199943111Duarte, M.I.R. and S.A. Archer,2003In vitro toxin production by Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis.]]>28229235Eziashi, E.L., N.U. Uma, A.A. Adekunle and C.E. Airede,2006Trichoderma species against Ceratocystis paradoxa in culture medium.]]>5703706Eziashi, E.I., N.U. Uma, A.A. Adekunle and I.B. Omamor,2006Ceratocystis paradoxa causing black seed rot in oil palm sprouted seeds by Trichoderma species.]]>919871990Grove, J.F., J.P. Meloskey, J.S. Moffatt and V. Viridin Qart,1996C743747Hartman, C.L., T.J. Miccoy and T.R. Knous,1984Medicago sativaFusarium oxysporum of. sp. medicoginis.]]>34183194Harris, G.H., E.T.T. Jones, M.S. Meinz, M. Nallin-Omstead, G.L. Bills, D. Zink and K.E. Wilson,1993Viridio fungins A, B and C.]]>3452355238Heisey, R.M., J. Deprank and A.R. Putman,19851985Iijima, R., J. Kisugi and M. Yamazaki,1994Dolabella auricularia.]]>171441146Kimura, T., T. Komiyama, Y. Furuiichi, Y. Iimura, S. Karita and K. Ohmiya,199951176184Kono, Y., H.W. Knochie and J.M. Daly,19811981pp: 221-257pp: 221-257Kumeda, Y., T. Asao, A. Lida, S. Wada, S. Futami and T. Fuijita,1994Trichoderma viride on the growth and morphological development of fungi.]]>22663670Levitz, S.,1992143742Metha, Y.R. and R.I. Brogin,2000Stemphylium solani of cotton.]]>84838842Omamor, I.B.,198584159161Omamor, I.B., C.I. Aisaghonhi and E.A. Oruade-Dimaro,20002000pp: 2225Patel, J.D., M.R. Patil and P.N. Sapkai,1987Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijin and Alternaria tenuis Auct.]]>11169169Rice, E.L.,1995Rudolph, K.,19761976pp: 279-315pp: 279-315Scheffer, R.P.,19831983pp: 1-34pp: 1-34Stoessl, A.,19811981pp: 110-197pp: 110-197Yedidia, I., N. Benhamou and I. Chet,1999Cucumis sativus L.) By the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum.]]>6510611070Yoder, O.C.,198018103129Grove, J.F., J.S. Moffatt and E.B. Vischer,1965196538033811