Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2017.328.335Gardenia jasminoides)]]>GabrAhmed Mohamed Magdy ArafaNermeen Mohamed El-AshryAmal Abd El-latif El-BahrMohamed Kamal 72017207Background and Objective: Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) has many pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and fibrolytic activities and cytotoxic effects, etc. This study was conducted to recognize the effect of zeatin and thidiazuron (TDZ) on callus proliferation, total phenolic content, total flavonoids and DPPH scavenging activity of gardenia callus cultures. Materials and Methods: Calli were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplement with different concentrations (2, 4 or 6 mg L1) of zeatin or TDZ individually as well as combination of 2 mg L1 zeatin+4 mg L1 TDZ. Cultures contained 4 mg L1 TDZ gave the highest callus fresh weight followed by those contained 2 mg L1 zeatin then that cultured on 4 mg L1 zeatin. Data reported as Mean±Standard Deviation (SD). Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (p< 0.05). Results were processed by Excel (2010) and SPSS Version 17.0. Results: It was found that callus growing on medium supplemented with 4 mg L1 zeatin gave the maximum value (14.93%) of yield extract. Callus cultured on 4 mg L1 zeatin recorded the maximum total phenol (268.33 mg GAE/100 g FW of callus) and total flavonoids (2703.33 μg QE/100 g FW of callus) accumulation. The antioxidant activity of each extract was determined through DPPH radical scavenging activity. Callus cultured on 4 mg L1 TDZ showed the highest antioxidant activity then those cultured on 4 mg L1 zeatin. The HPLC analysis for phenolic acids showed that chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid and cinnamic reached their highest contents with callus cultured on 4 mg L1 TDZ (123.24, 322.14 and 278.22 μg g1, respectively). Regarding flavonoids and using HPLC analysis, rutin, apigenin-7-glucoside and kaempferol were detected. Callus cultured with 4 mg L1 TDZ gave the highest rutin and kaempferol contents (287.76 and 10.38 μg g1, respectively). However, apigenin-7-glucoside was detected with high content (129.86 μg g1) in callus culture with 4 mg L1 Zeatin. Conclusion: The HPLC analysis recommended that TDZ is more effective in accumulation of individual phenolic and flavonoid than Zeatin. The present study provided a useful system for further study on in vitro culture of G. jasminoides as alternative and new source for important secondary products.]]>Kumar, A.,20152015pp: 397-406pp: 397-406Dharmananda, S.,20032003Van Calsteren, M.R., M.C. Bissonnette, F. Cormier, C. Dufresne and T. Ichi et al.,1997Crocus sativus and Gardenia jasminoides.]]>4510551061Rao, A.V. and L.G. Rao,200755207216Campbell, N.A., B.R. Jane, U.L. Andrea, L.C. Michael, W.S. Alexander, P.V. Minorsky and J.R. Bradley,20088th Edn.,pp: 827-830pp: 827-830Uddin, R., M.R. Saha, N. Subhan, H. Hossain, I.A. Jahan, R. Akter and A. Alam,2014Gardenia jasminoides and determination of antioxidant activity by using free radical scavenging assays.]]>4273281Tan, S.H., R. Muse, A. Ariff and M. Maziah,2010Centella asiatica L. Urban).]]>6284299Arabshahi-Delouee, S. and A. Urooj,2007Morus indica L.) leaves.]]>10212331240Gabr, A.M.M., H.B. Mabrok, K.Z. Ghanem, M. Blaut and I. Smetanska,2016Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root cultures of flax (Linum usitatissimum).]]>126255267Ordonez, A.A.L., J.D. Gomez, M.A. Vattuone and M.I. Lsla,2006Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz extracts.]]>97452458Gabr, A.M.M., H. Ghareeb, H.M. El Shabrawi, I. Smetanska and S.A. Bekheet,201614327333Gairi, A. and A. Rashid,2004762933Konate, S., M. Kone, H.T. Kouakou, J.Y. Kouadio and M. Zouzou,201321255263Huetteman, C.A. and J.E. Preece,199333105119Liu, X.N., X.Q. Zhang and J.S. Sun,2007Hypericum sampsonii and Hypericum perforatum.]]>53207214Lamien-Meda, A., C.E. Lamien, M.M.Y. Compaore, R.N.T. Meda and M. Kiendrebeogo et al.,200813581594Al-Juboory, K.H., R.M. Skirvin and D.J. Wiliams,1998Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) leaf explants.]]>72171178Sarmah, P. and D. Baishya,2014Gardenia jasminoides ellis and Diospyros malabarica kostel.]]>5199204Vindhya, K., K.P.M. Pradeep, A.R. Roopa and S. Leelavathi,2015in-vitro antioxidant potential of various leaf extracts of Gardenia latifolia.]]>3176190Vindhya, K. and S. Leelavathi,2015Gardenia gummifera Linn.]]>32255261Anokwuru, C.P., G.N. Anyasor, O. Ajibaye, O. Fakoya and P. Okebugwu,201195361Katalinic, V., M. Milos, T. Kulisic and M. Jukic,200694550557Guo, B., B.H. Abbasi, A. Zeb, L.L. Xu and Y.H. Wei,20111089849000Miliauskas, G., P.R. Venskutonis and T.A. van Beek,200485231237Chen, P.C., F.S. Chang, I.Z. Chen, F.M. Lu, T.J. Cheng and R.L.C. Chen,20075943236Nitnaware, K.M., D.G. Naik and T.D. Nikam,2011Phyllanthus amarus.]]>104101110Smetanska, I.,20082008pp: 187-228pp: 187-228