Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2013.911.919Coturnix coturnix japonica) Embryos]]>A. AhmedYasser A. SolimanSoha 1220131618The current study was undertaken to describe the main histological
development stages of long bones (tibia and femur) from Japanese quail (Coturnix
coturnix japonica) embryos. Whole Limbs or just tibia and femur of fifty
Japanese quail embryos of different ages were fixed and embedded in paraffin
or Spurrs resin. Paraffin and
semi-thin, respectively, were undertaken and examined with light microscopy.
Limb bud was established at day 5 of incubation. Mesenchymal cells differentiated
into chondrocytes forming a cartilage template in the position of the future
tibia and femur at day 6 of incubation. At day 7 of incubation, the cartilage
template enlarged and had the shape and position of the future tibia and femur.
At day 8, central chondrocytes underwent hypertrophy and were surrounded by
a periosteal bone collar. Cellular and vascular invasion from the bone collar
into the central zone of the cartilage template, cartilage resorption and formation
of marrow tunnel and finally peripheral calcification was seen. Vascular cartilage
canals penetrating the epiphysis were observed at day 9 and the canals gradually
increased in thickness and number toward the hatching day. Articular epiphyseal
growth cartilage with resting, proliferative and hypertrophic zones was clearly
established by day 10 of incubation. After 17 days of incubation, the zonation
of the articular epiphyseal cartilage were much clear, many cartilage canals
were present within the epiphyses. In epiphyses of tibia but not femur, foci
of chondrocytes hypertrophy were noticed close to the cartilage canals. The
current study timed the main histological sequences of development of tibia
and femur of embryonic quail.]]>Atalgin, S.H. and I. Kurtul,2009382330Bi, W., J.M. Deng, Z. Zhang, R.R. Behringer and B. de Crombrugghe,1999228589Bitgood, M.J. and A.P. McMahon,1995Hedgehog and Bmp genes are coexpressed at many diverse sites of cell-cell interaction in the mouse embryo.]]>172126138Blumer, M.J.F., H. Fritsch, K. Pfaller and E. Brenner,2004207453462Blumer, M.J.F., S. Longato, E. Richter, M.T. Perez, K.Z. Konakci and H. Fritsch,2005206359372Burkus, J.K., T.M. Ganey and J.A. Ogden,199366193202Goldring, M.B., K. Tsuchimochi and K. Ijiri,2006973344Hall, B.K. and T. Miyake,199539881893Juppner, H., A.B. Abou-Samra, M. Freeman, X.F. Kong and E. Schipani et al.,199125410241026Leonard, C.M., H.M. Fuld, D.A. Frenz, S.A. Downie, J. Massague and S.A. Newman,199114599109Mackie, E.J., Y.A. Ahmed, L. Tatarczuch, K.S. Chen and M. Mirams,2008404662Nakane, Y. and M. Tsudzuki,199941523534Pourlis, A.F., J. Antonopoulos and I.N. Magras,2006Coturnix coturnix Japonica).]]>111159170Pourlis, A.F., I.N. Magras and D. Petridis,1998Coturnix coturnix Japonica).]]>276163Rivas, R. and F. Shapiro,200284-A85100Roach, H.I. and J.R. Shearer,19896289309Sasano, Y., J.X. Zhu, M. Tsubota, I. Takahashi, K. Onodera, I. Mizoguchi and M. Kagayama,200250325332Simsa, S. and E.M. Ornan,2007Meleagris gallopavo) during embryonic and juvenile development.]]>86565571Vortkamp, A., K. Lee, B. Lanske, G.V. Segre, H.M. Kronenberg and C.J. Tabin,1996273613622Yoshida, C.A., H. Yamamoto, T. Fujita, T. Furuichi and K. Ito et al.,200418952963