Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2013.251.266Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Infection in Domestic Ruminants]]>SinghShoor Vir DhamaKuldeep ChaubeyKundan Kumar KumarNaveen SinghPravin Kumar SohalJagdip Singh GuptaSaurabh SinghAjay Vir VermaAmit Kumar TiwariRuchi Mahima ChakrabortyS. DebRajib 62013166Johnes disease or Paratuberculosis has emerged as major infectious disease of animals in general and domestic livestock in particular on global basis. There have been major initiatives in developed countries for the control of this incurable malady of animals and human beings alike (inflammatory bowel disease or Crohns disease). Disease has not received similar attention due to inherent complexities of disease, diagnosis and control, in resource poor counties around the world. However, the rich genetic diverstiy of the otherwise low productive animal population offers opportunity for the control of Johnes disease and improve per animal productivity. Present review aims to gather and compile information available on genetics or resistance to Johnes disease and its future exploitation by resource poor countries rich in animal diversity. This review will also help to create awareness and share knowledge and experience on prevalence and opportunities for control of Johnes disease in the livestock population to boost per animal productivity among developing and poor countries of the world. Breeding of animals for disease resistance provides good, safe, effective and cheaper way of controlling Johnes disease in animals, with especial reference to domestic livestock of developing and poor countries. Study will help to establish better understanding of the correlation between host cell factors and resistance to MAP infection which may have ultimately help in the control of Johnes disease in future.]]>Abbas, A.K., K.M. Murphy and A. Sher,1996383787793Abel, L. and J.L. Casanova,200067274277Abel, L., F.O. Sanchez, J. Oberti, N.V. Thuc and L.V. Hoa et al.,1998177133145Amills, M., O. Francino and A. Sanchez, 1995Taq I and Pst I RFLP in the 2nd exon of the caprine MHC class II DRB gene. ]]>48313321Andersson, L. and L. Rask,1988DQ genes varies between haplotypes.]]>27110120Arsenault, R.J., Y. Li, K. Bell, K. Doig and A. Potter et al.,2012Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis inhibits gamma interferon-induced signaling in bovine monocytes: Insights into the cellular mechanisms of Johne's disease.]]>8030393048Arsenault, R.J., Y. Li, P. Maattanen, E. Scruten and K. Doig et al.,2013Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected bovine monocytes reveals potential therapeutic targets.]]>81226237Ates, O., L. Dalyan, B. Musellim, G. Hatemi and H. Turker et al.,2009361519Begg, D.J., K. de Silva, N. Carter, K.M. Plain, A. Purdie and R.J. Whittington,2011Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infections?]]>216840846Bellamy, R., C. Ruwende, T. Corrah, F.R.C.P. McAdam, H.C. Whittle and A.V.S. Hill,1998338640644Bentley, R.W., J.I. Keenan, R.B. Gearry, M.A. Kennedy, M.L. Barclay and R.L. Roberts,200810311681172Billman-Jacobe, H., M. Carrigan, F. Cockram, L.A. Corner and I.J. Gill et al.,1992692528Bradley, S.G. and P.S. Morahan,1982436169Byun, E.H., W.S. Kim, J.S. Kim, C.J. Won and H.G. Choi et al.,20122873860938624Cameron, P.V., H.T. Tabarias, B. Pulendra, W.R. Robinson and R.L. Dawkins,199031253264Cetinkaya, B., H.M. Erdogan and K.L. Morgan,199732253266Charavaryamath, C., P. Gonzalez-Cano, P. Fries, S. Gomis and K. Doig et al.,2013Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in surgically isolated bovine ileal segments.]]>20156165Clarke, C.J.,1997116217261Collins, M.T., U. Spahr and P.M. Murphy,2001Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.]]>2001Collins, M.T.,201127631636Cooper, A.M., D.K. Dalton, T.A. Stewart, J.P. Griffin, D.G. Russell and I.M. Orme,199317822432247Coussens, P.M.,2004Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cattle.]]>7030893096Coussens, P.M., C.J. Colvin, K. Wiersma, A. Abouzied and S. Sipkovsky,2002Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.]]>7054945502Coussens, P.M., S. Sipkovsky, B. Murphy, J. Roussey and C.J. Colvin,201235233239Cuthbert, A.P., S.A. Fisher, M.M. Mirza, K. King and J. Hampe et al.,2002NOD2 gene mutations to the risk and site of disease in inflammatory bowel disease.]]>122867874Dalton, D.K., S. Pitts-Meek, S. Keshav, I.S. Figari, A. Bradley and T.A. Stewart,199325917391742De Vries, R.R.P.,1991Mycobacterium leprae.]]>441216Dlugovitzky, D., A. Torres-Morales, L. Rateni, M.A. Farroni, C. Largacha, O. Molteni and O. Bottasso,199718203207Dobson, B., S. Liggett, R. O'Brien and J.F. Griffin,2013Cervus elaphus) selected for resistant or susceptible genotypes for Johne's disease.]]>2013Elzo, M.A., D.O. Rae, S.E. Lanhart, J.G. Wasdin, W.P. Dixon and J.L. Jones,2006844148Ferwerda, G., B.J. Kullberg, D.J. de jong, S.E. Girardin and D.M. Langenberg, et al.,2007Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is recognized by Toll-like receptors and NOD2.]]>8210111018Fielding, J.F.,19868655657Gazouli, M., V. Atsaves, G. Mantzaris, M. Economou and G. Nasioulas et al.,2008NRAMP1 gene for the development of Crohn's disease.]]>1413231330Gazouli, M., I. Pachoula, I. Panayotou, G. Mantzaris, G. Chrousos, N.P. Anagnou and E. Roma-Giannikou,2010NOD2/CARD15, ATG16L1 and IL23R gene polymorphisms and childhood-onset of Crohn's disease.]]>1617531758Goldfeld, A.E., J.C. Delgado, S. Thim, M.V. Bozon and A.M. Uglialoro et al.,1998279226228Gonda, M.G., Y.M. Chang, G.E. Shook, M.T. Collins and B.W. Kirkpatrick,2006Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in US holsteins.]]>8918041812Gonda, M.G., B.W. Kirkpatrick, G.E. Shook and M.T. Collins,2007Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in US Holsteins.]]>38389396Grant, S.F., R.N. Baldassano and H. Hakonarson,2008ATG16L1 gene.]]>8199207Greenstein, R.J.,20033507514Hampe, J., A. Cuthbert, P.J. Croucher, M.M. Mirza and S. Mascheretti et al.,200135719251928Hermon-Taylor, J.,2009Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Crohn's disease and the Doomsday scenario.]]>2009Hett, E.C. and E.J. Rubin,200872126156Hofmeister, A., H.L. Neibergs, R.M. Pokorny and S. Galandiuk,1997natural resistance-associated macrophage protein gene is associated with Crohn's disease.]]>122173179Huang, S.I., W. Hendriks, A. Althage, S. Hemmi and H. Bluethmann et al.,199325917421745Hugot, J.P., M. Chamaillard, H. Zouali, S. Lesage and J.P. Cezard et al.,2001411599603Hugot, J.P.,2006CARD15 mutations in Crohn's disease.]]>1072918Inoue, N., K. Tamura, Y. Kinouchi, Y. Fukuda and S. Takahashi et al.,20021238691Kaufman, J. and K. Venugopal,1998278287Kirkpatrick, B.W. and G.E. Shook,201127559571Kirkpatrick, B.W., X. Shi, G.E. Shook and M.T. Collins,201042149160Koets, A.P., W.J. Santema, H. Mertens, D. Oostenrijk and M. Keestra et al.,2010Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.]]>93305315Koets, A.P., G. Adugna, L.L.G. Janss, H.J. van Weering and C.H.J. Kalis et al.,20008327022708Korou, L.M., E. Liandris, M. Gazouli and J. Ikonomopoulos,2010144353358Kotlowski, R., C.N. Bernstein, M.S. Silverberg and D.O. Krause,20081411121117Kotze, M.J., J.N.P. de Villiers, R.N. Rooney, J.J. Grobbelaar and E.P. Mansvelt et al.,2001274453Jo, E.K., C.S. Yang, C.H. Choi and C.V. Harding,2007Mycobacteria: Branching out from Toll‐like receptors.]]>910871098Leveque, G., V. Forgetta, S. Morroll, A.L. Smith and N. Bumstead et al.,2003TLR4 is linked to susceptibility to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in chickens.]]>7111161124Li, R.Y., B. Jia, W.J. Zhang, Z.S. Zhao and G.Q. Shi et al.,20102311451151Lindhe, B. And J. Philipsson,199817291301Longenecker, B.M. and W.M. Gallatin,197824845850Mackintosh, C.G., R.G. Clark, B. Tolentino, G.W. de Lisle, S. Liggett and J.F.T. Griffin,2011Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.]]>143131142Manning, E.J.B. and M.T. Collins,2001Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: Pathogen, pathogenesis and diagnosis.]]>20133150Minozzi, G., L. Buggiotti, A. Stella, F. Strozzi, M. Luini and J.L. Williams,2010Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in cattle.]]>2010Mohamed, H.S., M.E. Ibrahim, E.N. Miller, J.K. White and H.J. Cordell et al.,2003SLC11A1 (formerly NRAMP1) and susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis in The Sudan.]]>126674Momotani, E.,201260S19S29Mortensen, H., S.S. Nielsen and P. Berg,2004Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in danish holstein cows.]]>8721082113Rastislav, M. and B. Mangesh,2012192517519Mucha, R., M.R. Bhide, E.B. Chakurkar, M. Novak and I. Mikula Sr.,2009Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle.]]>128381388Naser, S.A., M. Arce, A. Khaja, M. Fernandez, N. Naser, S. Elwasila and S. Thanigachalam,201218412424Neibergs, H.L., M.L. Settles, R.H. Whitelock and J.F. Taylor,201021419425Ogura, Y., D.K. Bonen, N. Inohara, D.L. Nicolae and F.F. Chen et al.,2001411603606Ogura, Y., N. Inohara, A. Benito, F.F. Chen, S. Yamaoka and G. Nunez,200127648124818Orme, I.M.,19935497502Paccagnini, D., L. Sieswerda, V. Rosu, S. Masala and A. Pacifico et al.,2009Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, SLC11A1 polymorphisms and type-1 diabetes mellitus.]]>2009Paixao, T.A., F.P. Poester, A.V. Carvalho Neta, A.M. Borges, A.P. Lage and R.L. Santos,2007Brucella abortus in cattle.]]>7524922499Pant, S.D., F.S. Schenkel, C.P. Verschoor, Q. You, D.F. Kelton, S.S. Moore and N.A. Karrow,201095176182Pant, S.D., C.P. Verschoor, F.S. Schenkel, Q. You, D.F. Kelton and N.A. Karrow,2011PGLYRP1 polymorphisms and their association with resistance to Mycobacterium avium ssp. Paratuberculosis.]]>42354360Perez, V., J. Tellechea, J.M. Corpa, M. Gutierrez and J.F.G. Marin,199960123127Pinedo, P.J., C.D. Buergelt, G.A. Donovan, P. Melendez and L. Morel et al.,2009134346352Pinedo, P.J., C.D. Buergelt, G.A. Donovan, P. Melendez and L. Morel et al.,200991189196Purdie, A.C., K.M. Plain, D.J. Begg, K. de Silva and R.J. Whittington,2011Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle and sheep: A review.]]>34197208Quesniaux, V., C. Fremond, M. Jacobs, S. Parida and D. Nicolle et al.,20046946959Raadsma, H.W., G.D. Gray and R.R. Woolaston,199817315328Rajya, B.S. and C.M. Singh,196122189203Ravikumar, M., V. Dheenadhayalan, K. Rajaram, S.S. Lakshmi and P.P. Kumaran et al.,199979309317Reddacliff, L.A., K. Beh, H. Mc-Gregor and R.J. Whittington,200583435441Roupie, V., V. Rosseels, D.K. Zinniel, R.G. Barletta and K. Huygen,2008Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is influenced by Slc11a1 at the early but not at the late stage of infection.]]>7620992105Roussel, A.J., M.C. Libal, R.L. Whitlock, T.B. Hairgrove, K.S. Barling and J.A. Thompson,2005226773778Ruiz-Larranaga, O., J.M. Garrido, M. Iriondo, C. Manzano and E. Molina et al.,2010Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in cattle.]]>9359505958Ruiz-Larranaga, O., C. Manzano, M. Iriondo, J.M. Garrido and E. Molina et al.,2011Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in Holstein-Friesian cattle.]]>9436353641Ryffel, B., M. Jacobs, S. Parida, T. Botha, D. Togbe and V. Quesniaux,20062006pp: 127-141pp: 127-141Savic, M., S. Jovanovic and R. Trailovic,19954556Sayers, G., B. Good, J.P. Hanrahan, M. Ryan, J.M. Angle and T. Sweeney,2005131403409Schierman, L.W. and W.M. Collins,198766812818Searle, S. and J.M. Blackwell,199936295299Sechi, L.A., M. Gazouli, L.E. Sieswerda, P. Molicotti and N. Ahmed et al.,2006Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and SLC11A1 gene polymorphisms in Sardinian patients.]]>1271617164Sechi, L.A., M. Gazouli, J. Ikonomopoulos, J.C. Lukas and A.M. Scanu et al.,2005Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, genetic susceptibility to Crohn's disease and sardinians: The way ahead.]]>4352755277Seidensticker, J. and S. Lumpkin,2006Pages: 224Pages: 224Settles, M., R. Zanella, S.D. McKay, R.D. Schnabel and J.F. Taylor et al.,2009Mycobacterum avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection status in US Holstein cattle.]]>40655662Shoenfeld, N., H. Amital and Y. Shoenfeld,2009599105Shtrichman, R. and C.E. Samuel,20014251259Singh, P.K., S.V. Singh, A.V. Singh and J.S. Sohal,2009153543Singh, P.K., S.V. Singh, M.K. Singh, V.K. Saxena, P. Horin, A.V. Singh and J.S. Sohal,201239314320Singh, P.K., S.V. Singh, M.K. Singh, V.K. Saxena, A.V. Singh and J.S. Sohal,201211220223Sohal, J.S., S.V. Singh, P. Tyagi, S. Subodh and P.K. Singh et al.,2008Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.]]>213585598Stabel, J.R.,200061754760Stewart, L.C., A.S. Day, J. Pearson, M.L. Barclay, R.B. Gearry, L.R. Rebecca and R.W. Bentley,20101657275731Subharat, S., S. Dairu, D.N. Wedlock, M. Price-Carter, G.W. de Lisleb et al.. 2012Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis]]>149225236Sweeney, R.W., M.T. Collins, A.P. Koets, S.M. McGuirk and A.J. Roussel,20122612391250Sweeney, R.W., D.E. Jones, P. Habecker and P. Scott,1998Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.]]>59842847Taylor, K.H., J.F. Taylor, S.N. White and J.E. Womack,200617892901Van Hulzen, K.J., M. Nielen, A.P. Koets, G. de Jong, J.A. van Arendonk and H.C. Heuven,2011Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.]]>94992997Ventura, M., C. Canchaya, A. Tauch, G. Chandra, G.F. Fitzgerald, K.F. Chater and D. van Sinderen,2007Actinobacteria: Tracing the evolutionary history of an ancient phylum.]]>71495548Verschoor, C.P., S.D. Pant, Q. You, D.F. Kelton and N.A. Karrow,2010Mycobacterium avium sp. Paratuberculosis.]]>137111Verschoor, C.P., S.D. Pant, Q. You, F.S. Schenkel, D.F. Kelton and N.A. Karrow,2010Mycobacterium avium ssp. Paratuberculosis infection status.]]>2010Wang, T., W.P. Lafuse, K. Takeda, S. Akira and B.S. Zwillin,20021001036410369Weiss, D.J., C.D. Souza, O.A. Evanson, M. Sanders and M. Rutherford,2008Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium.]]>834855White, S.N., K.H. Taylor, C.A. Abbey, C.A. Gill and J.E. Womack,20031001036410369Withers, F.,19597111501153Yadav, M. and J.S. Schorey,200610831683175Zanella, R., M.L. Settles, S.D. McKay, R. Schnabel and J. Taylor et al.,2011422838Zhao, B., M.T. Collins and C.J. Czuprynski,1997Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with bovine monocytes.]]>6517611766Pan, H., B.S. Yan, M. Rojas, Y.V. Shebzukhov and H. Zhou et al.,2005Ipr1 gene mediates innate immunity to tuberculosis.]]>434767772Liang, L., Y.L. Zhao, J. Yue, J.F. Liu, M. Han, H. Wang and H. Xiao,2011SP110 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to tuberculosis in a Chinese population.]]>11934939Lei, X., H. Zhu, L. Zha and Y. Wang,2012SP110 gene polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on 10 624 subjects.]]>1214731480Sharma, P., S. Yamini, D. Dube, A. Singh and G. Mal et al.,2013529110Alonso-Hearn, M., D. Patel, L. Danelishvili, L.M. Goddik and L.E. Bermudez,2008Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis MAP3464 gene encodes an oxidoreductase involved in invasion of bovine epithelial cells through the activation of host cell Cdc42.]]>76170178Deb, R. and P.P. Goswami,2011Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis with murine interferon gamma in HeLa cell line and study of their immunogenicity in murine model.]]>2011Deb, R. and P.P. Goswami,2010Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis in Escherichia coli.]]>2010Deb, R., U. Singh, S. Kumar and A. Sharma,2012Casas, E., M.D. Garcia, J.E. Wells and T.P. Smith,2011Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis.]]>42571577Ghosh, P., C. Hsu, E.J. Alyamani, M.M. Shehata and M.A. Al-Dubaib et al.,2012Mycobacterium avium subspecies Paratuberculosis in the Arabian camels (Camelus dromedarius).]]>2012