Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2011.862.868Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattellidae) to Spinosad]]>NasirianH. LadonniH. AboulhassaniM. LimoeeM. 1220111418The German cockroach is an important household insect pest worldwide and acts as a mechanical vector and reservoir for pathogenic agents. The aim of this study was to examine the basic laboratory toxicity of Blattella germanica to spinosad. The M, T, A22, AZAR4, BOOSTAN7 and ABAN21 strains were collected from field populations of six infested kitchen student dormitories and the SAMAN strain was collected from a residential area after insecticide spraying control failure in Tehran, Iran. Technical grade spinosad was delivered in 0.5 μL acetone to the first abdominal sternum of briefly CO2-anesthetize adult male cockroaches by topical application bioassay. Treated males monitored for mortality. Mortality data from the replicates was assessed by probit analysis. The average LD50 of susceptible strain was 494.3, 148.8 and 55.1 ng per insect after 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The LD50 of spinosad decreased with time in the field population strains. All German cockroach strains showed a similar susceptibility or lower tolerance (1.6-folds) for spinosad compared with the susceptible laboratory strain and the steep slopes of dose-response curves indicated that the field population of these German cockroach strains was homogenous in response to spinosad. These results indicated that the spinosad was relatively slow-acting in topical application bioassay, with LD50 values decreasing until 72 h and becoming stable thereafter. The effectiveness of spinosad against susceptible and the field population German cockroach strains in laboratory condition showed that spinosad probably could be useful for the control of the German cockroach.]]>Alali, F.Q., W. Kaakeh, G.W. Bennet and J.L. McLaughlin,199891641649Atkinson, T.H., R.W. Wadleigh, P.G. Koehler and R.S. Patterson,19918412471250BCPC,200413th Edn.,Pages: 80Pages: 80Rust, M.K., J.M. Owens and D.A. Reierson,1995pp: 77-92pp: 77-92Cochran, D.G.,198982336341Dong, K., S.M. Valles, M.E. Scharf, B. Zeichner and G.W. Bennett,199860195204Finney, D.J.,19723rd Edn.,Hsu, J.C. and H.T. Feng,200699931936Ladonni, H.,2001Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).]]>94694697Ladonni, H.,2000Blattella germanica.]]>14213216Limoee, M., A.A. Enayati, H. Ladonni, H. Vatandoost, H.R. Baseri and M.A. Oshaghi,2007Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).]]>87138146Limoee, M., H. Ladonni, A.A. Enayati, H. Vatandoost and M. Aboulhasani,2006Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).]]>6382387Liu, H., E.W. Cupp, K.M. Micher, A. Guo and N. Liu,2004Culex quinquefasciatus.]]>41408413Liu, N. and X. Yue,20009312691275Nasirian, H., H. Ladonni, B. Davari, M. Shayeghi, M.R.Y. Ershadi and H. Vatandoost,2006Blattella germanica resistant strains.]]>393341Nasirian, H., H. Ladonni, M. Shayeghi and M.S. Ahmadi,200912643647Nasirian, H., H. Ladonni, M. Shayeghi, H. Vatandoost and Y. Rassi et al.,2006919551959Nasirian, H., H. Ladonni, H. Vatandoost, M. Shayeghi and A. Poudat,2006Blattella germanica.]]>10157166Nasirian, H.,2010Blattella germanica, studies conducted in Iran.]]>1310771084Nasirian, H.,2006Blattella germainca.]]>2006Nasirian, H.,2007Blattella germanica strains of Iran.]]>14047Nasirian, H.,2008Blatella germanica, by fipronil and imidacloprid gel baits.]]>23743Paksa, A., H. Ladonni and H. Nasirian,2011Blattella germanica, Insecta: Blattodea: Blattellidae) using piperonyl butoxide and tributyl phosphorotrithioate.]]>15243253Pridgeon, J.W., A.G. Appel, W.J. Moar and N. Liu,200273149156Ramirez, P.J.,19891074153Roberts, J.,199631216301630Salgado, V.L.,1997523543Scott, J.G., D.G. Cochran and B.D. Siegfried,19908316981703Scott, J.G.,1998Musca domestica.]]>54131133Shono, T. and J.G. Scott,2003Musca domestica, is due to a recessive factor on autosome.]]>7517Sparks, T.C., G.D. Crouse and G. Durst,200157896905Sparks, T.C., G.D. Thompson, L.L. Larson, H.A. Kirst and O.K. Jantz et al.,19951995pp: 903907Thompson, G.D., R. Dutton and T.C. Sparks,200056696702Valles, S.M., K. Dong and R.J. Brenner,2000Blattella germanica.]]>66195205Valles, S.M. and S.J. Yu,1996892126Valles, S.M.,199992293297Weber, W.J.,19841984pp: 8-20pp: 8-20Wei, Y., A.G. Appel, W.J. Moar and N. Liu,2001Blattella germanica (L.).]]>5710551059