Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2008.2639.2645Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis from Milk, Manure and Fecal Samples of Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cattle]]>SeyyedinM. SalehiT.Z. TadjbakhshH. NajafiM.F. RabbaniM. 1220081124The main aim of this study was detection of subclinical forms of Johnes disease on dairy farms which were suspected of having Johnes disease or history of it and confirmatory paraclinical of paratuberculosis in them. Also, the isolated bacteria will be used for genotyping and molecular epidemiology of paratuberculosis in the next studies. Samples were gathered of 137 farms in different parts of Razavi Khorasan Province of Iran. There were 505 fresh-fecal and manure samples and 148 raw milk samples including the bulk milk transporters, milk samples of cows with paratuberculosis clinical signs and the farm bulk milk tanks. The samples were cultured on Herrolds egg yolk medium with and without mycobactin J. The samples, in which the bacteria could merely grow on Herrolds media containing mycobactin J, were considered to be positive. Additional tests such as colony morphology, acid fast staining and Nested PCR-IS900 assay were performed to confirm isolated bacteria. Diagnostic test of M. paratuberculosis culture was positive in milk, manure and fresh-fecal samples of 29 farms of 137 farms. Out of 653 samples, 50 cases have found positive after cultivation. The number of the bacterial colonies was varied from 1 up to 250. In addition to fresh-fecal samples, using of manure samples and milk samples taken from farm bulk milk tanks can help to detect subclinical forms of Johnes disease and disease screening in dairy farms. For control of Johnes disease, mainly subclinical or hidden forms are noticed. In order to achieve this aim, the presences of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis were investigated in different samples.]]>Ayele, W.Y., M. Machackova and I. Pavlik,200146205224Baharsefat, M., A. Amjadi, P.R. Ahourai, B. Yamini and F. Entessar et al.,1972244961Bazargani, T.T., S. Charkhkar, F. Sadeghi, M. Khalaj and M. Rashtibaf et al.,20078161165Bhidea, M., E. Chakurkarb, L. Tkacikovaa, S. Barbuddheb, M. Novakc and I. Mikula,2006Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from buffy coat of cattle and sheep.]]>1123341Buergelt, C.D. and J.E. Williams,2004Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA in clinical and subclinical bovine paratuberculosis.]]>82497503Caldow, G. and G.J. Gunn,20032003Collins, M.T.,2003Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.]]>56565574Cousins, D.V., S.N. Williams, A. Hope and G.J. Eamens,2000Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using IS900 RFLP.]]>78184190De Juan, L., J. Alvarez, B. Romero, J. Bezos and E. Castellanos et al.,2006Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains isolated from cattle and goats.]]>7259275932Dundee, L., I.R. Grant, H.J. Ball and M.T. Rowe,2001Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from milk.]]>33173177Erume, J., J. Spergser and R. Rosengarten,2001Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from cattle and zoo animals by nested PCR.]]>18389Gao, A., J. Odumeru, M. Raymond and L. Mutharia,2005Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from bulk tank milk: Effect of age of milk, centrifugation and decontamination.]]>698187Grant, I.R., H.J. Ball, S.D. Neill and M.T. Rowe,2005Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in milk.]]>58138142Grant, I.R., H.J. Ball and M.T. Rowe,1998Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.]]>26166170Grant, I.R., M.T. Rowe, L. Dundee and E. Hitchings,2001Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis: Its incidence, heat resistance and detection in milk and dairy products.]]>54213Gumber, S. and R.J. Whittington,2007Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis S strain and observations on the effect of inclusion of ampicillin in culture media to reduce contamination.]]>1194252Hilton, J. and J. Back,2003Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cows milk.]]>2003Hosek, J., P. Svastova, M. Moravkova, I. Pavlik and M. Bartos,200651180192OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health),20042004Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hinchcliffe and P.D. Constable,200710th Edn.,Songer, J.G. and K.W. Post,2005Stabel, J.R., S.J. Wells and B.A. Wagner,200285525531Whittington, R.J. and E.S. Sergeant,2001Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in animal populations.]]>79267278