Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2008.2382.2388Trichoderma longi, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisae Cultured on Waste Materials from Orange]]>OmojasolaP.F. JilaniO.P. 1220081120The wastes materials from the sweet orange (Citrus
sinensis) were used as substrate for the production of cellulase.
The rind, the pericarp or albedo and the pulp were hydrolyzed by cellulolytic
enzymes of Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus niger
and Saccharomyces cerevisiae after they were treated with
alkali and steam. The amount of glucose released from the substrates following
the secretion of cellulase by the three microorganisms was measured. The
orange wastes released amounts of glucose ranging from 0.76-0.96 mg mL-1
by Trichoderma longibrachiatum, 0.90-1.08 mg mL-1
by A. niger and 0.60-0.76 mg mL-1 by S. cerevisiae
after five days of fermentation. The conditions of the fermentation
were then varied to determine their effect on cellulase production. Fermentation
parameters varied were time, pH, substrate concentration, temperature
and inoculum size. After this, conditions that produced highest amounts
of glucose were combined in an optimization experiment. Glucose production
under optimized conditions were 0.94 mg mL-1 by T. longibrachiatum, 0.83 mg mL-1 by A. niger and 0.67 mg mL-1
by S. cerevisae. The activity of the test organisms` cellulase
against CMC on the orange wastes was also determined with T. longibrachiatum
producing 3.86 mg mL-1, A. niger 2.94 mg mL-1
and S. cerevisiae 2.30 mg mL-1 glucose amounts all from
orange pulp.]]>Baig, M.M.V., M.L.B. Baig, M.I.A. Baig and Y. Majeda, 20043447450Brien, D.J.O. and J.C. Jr. Craig,199644699704Brown, J.A., D.J. Falconer and T.M. Wood, 1987 Penicillium pinophilum with enhanced Cellulase and β-glucosidase production.]]>9169175Caritas, U.O. and C. N. Humphrey, 2006Aspergillus niger. ]]>5819822Chaturvedi, V., 20011st Edn.,pp: 8-21pp: 8-21Ghose, T.K.,198759257268Haapela, R., E. Parkkinen, P. Susminen and S. Unko, 1995Trichoderma reesei in shake flask cultures. ]]>43815821Jeffries, T.W., 19961996Lynd, L.R., P.J. Weimer, W.H. van Zyl and I.S. Pretorius,200266506577Lerner, R., 20032003Mandels, N. and E.T. Reese, 195979816826Milala, M.A., A. Shugaba, A. Gidado, A.C. Ene and J.A. Wafar,2005Aspergillus niger. ]]>1325328Miller, G.L.,195931426428Narasimha, G., A. Sridevi, B. Viswanath, M.S. Chandra and R.B. Rajasekhar,2006Aspergillus niger.]]>5472476Ravindra, P. and K. Bharathi, 2006512531264Shahera, H.A. and M.A. Sanaa, 200242330Srivastava, S.K., K.S. Gopalkrishnan and K.B. Ramachandran, 1987 Aspergillus wentii. ]]>659599Tang, L.G., D.N.S. Hon, S.H. Pan, Y.Q. Zhu, Z. Wang and Z.Z. Wang,199659483488Wang, X.J., J.G. Bai and Y.X. Lian,200673533540