Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2007.2039.2047Bacillus subtilis]]>El-BannaTarek E.Abd-AzizAhmed A.Abou-DobaraMohamed I.IbrahimReham I.1220071012α-amylase productionby Bacillus subtilis was studied under different cultivation conditions. The maximum α-amylase production occurred after an incubation period of 48 h, temperature 40°C and pH 7.5. Among the defined carbohydrates, starch (1%) was the best carbon source. The organism grew better and produced high levels of α-amylase using peptone as nitrogen source. The produced α-amylase was immobilized on various carriers by different methods and the properties of the enzyme were compared before and after immobilization. The optimum pH of the immobilized enzyme was changed to acidic range. The optimum reaction temperature of immobilized enzyme was shifted slightly to 70-80°C. Both of Km values and Vmax and thermal stability of immobilized enzyme were found to be higher than that of free one. Among the tested metals CaCl2 exerted a stimulating effect on the activity of α-amylase.]]>Abdel-Naby, M.A.,1993Aspergillus niger NRC 107 xylanase and xylosidase and properties of the immobilized enzymes.]]>386981Aiyer, P.V.D.,2004Bacillus licheniformis SPT 27.]]>3519522Antranikian, G.,199075201218Anyangwa, E.M., C. Kapseu, Elemva and P. Musonge,199395210213Babu, K.R. and T. Satyanarayana,1995Bacillus subtilis.]]>29359364Bajpai, P. and P. Bajpai,1989Bacillus licheniformis TCRFC-BI3.]]>337278Bradford, M.M.,197672248254Chandra, A.K., S. Medda and A.K. Bhadra,1980Bacillus licheniformis.]]>58110De Vrij, W., G. Speelmans and R.I.R. Heyne,199075183200Dey, G., B. Singh and R. Banerjee,2003Bacillus circulans GRS 313.]]>46167176Egelseer, E., I. Schocher and M. Sara,1995Bacillus stearothermophilus DSM 2358 functions as an adhesion site for a high-molecular-weight amylase.]]>17714441451Egelseer, E., I. Schocher and U. Sleytr,1996Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980.]]>17856025609Ellwood, L.L. and D.W. Tempest,1972783117Ellwood, L.L. and D.W. Tempest,1972Bacillus subtilis.]]>73395397Emneus, J. and L. Gordon,199023497106Fogarty, M.M., P.J. Griffin and A.M. Joyce,1974Bacillus species.]]>1974Fogarty, M.M. and E.J. Bourke,1983Bacillus subtilis IMD 198.]]>33145154Hamilton, L.M., C.T. Kelly and W.M. Fogarty,1999Bacillus sp. IMD 434.]]>21111115Gerhartz, W.,19901990Guilbot, A. and C. Mercier,19851985pp: 209-282pp: 209-282Kelly, C.T., D.J. Botton and W.M. Forgaty,1997Bacillus flavor thermus in batch fermentation.]]>19675677Kennedy, J.F.,19871987pp: 398-399pp: 398-399Khoo, S.L., A.A. Amirul, M. Kamaruzaman, N. Nazalan and M.N. Azizan,1994Aspergillus flavus.]]>39392398Koji, N., T. Koji, S. Fumio and K. Youichi,199955563568Kurakake, M., M. Ueki, S. Hashimoto and T. Komaki,1997345559Kusunoki, K., K. Kawakami, F. Shiraishi, K. Kato and M. Kai,198224347354Lin, L.L., C.C. Chyau and W.H. Hsu,1998Bacillus sp. TS- 23.]]>286168Mamo, G. and A. Gessesse,1999Bacillus sp.]]>296165Meers, J.L.,1972Bacillus licheniformis.]]>38585590Miller, G.L.,195931426428Nordstrom, K.M.,1993Thermus strain.]]>5919751976Riaz, N., I. Ul-Haq and M.A. Qadeer,2003Bacillus subtilis.]]>5249252Roy, I., M. Sardar and M.N. Gupta,2000275365Ryan, S.M., G.F. Fitzgerald and D. van Sinderen,20067252895296Sadhukhan, R., S.K. Roy and S.L. Chakrabarty,1993Myceliophthora thermophila D-14 (ATCC48104).]]>15801804Saito, N.,1973Bacillus licheniformis.]]>155290298Saito, N. and K. Yamamoto,1975Bacillus licheniformis.]]>121848856Shaw, J.F. and L.Y. Chuang,1982234561Shaw, J.F. and T.M. Ou-Lee,198925197204Shaw, J.F., F.P. Lin, S.C. Chen and H.C. Chen,1995Thermus sp.]]>36195200Sheffield, D.J., T.R. Harry, A.J. Smith and L.J. Rogers,1995Corallina officinalis bromoperoxidase immobilized on agarose.]]>3811031107Sneath, P.H.A.,19861986Stephenson, K., N. Mo. Carter, C.R. Harwood, M.F. Petitglatron and R. Chambert,1998Bacillus subtilis.]]>430385389Tien, C.J. and B.H. Chiang,199935377383Tonkova, A., R. Monolov and E. Dobreva,1993Bacillus licheniformis produced in high yields from glucose.]]>28539542Vihinen, M. and P. Mäntsälä,198924329418Wind, R.D., R.M. Buitelaar and G. Eggink,1994Bacillus stearothermophilus isolate: A highly thermostable α-amylase producing strain.]]>41155162Yoshida, M., K. Oishi, T. Kimura, M. Ogata and I. Nakakuki,19893531393142