Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2006.253.259Cichorium intybus) Forage Harvested at Different Maturity Stage Using in vitro and in situ Measurements]]>OzturkD. BalM. A.ErolA. SahinM. OzkanC. O.KarakasE. AtaM. KarabayP. 2200692The nutritive values of wild chicory, Cichorium intybus hays harvested at vegetative, flowering, late maturity stages were evaluated by chemical composition, in situ nylon bag and in vitro gas production techniques. In situ Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP) disappearance and in vitro gas production were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times and their kinetics were described using the equation y = a + b(1-e-ct). Maturity had a significant effect on the chemical composition. Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) and Condensed Tannin (CT) contents increased with increasing maturity whereas Crude Protein (CP) and ash contents decreased. Maturity stage had also a significant (p<0.001) effect on in situ DM, CP disappearance, in vitro gas production and estimated parameters. Effective Dry Matter (EDMD), Effective Crude Protein Degradability (ECPD) and most of the estimated parameters of wild chicory harvested at vegetative stage were significantly (p<0.001) higher than those obtained at flowering and late maturity stages. Crude protein, EDMD, ECPD and Metobolizable Energy (ME) content wild chicory decreased as maturity advanced. Therefore wild chicory should be harvested at vegetative stage to obtain higher quality forage.]]>Abdulrazak, S.A., T. Fujihara, J.K. Ondiek and E. Orskov,2000858998AOAC.,199015th Edn.,pp: 66-88pp: 66-88Ayed, H.M., J. Gonzalez, R. Caballero and M.R. Alvir,2001503142Barry, T.N. and S.J. Duncan,1984Lotus pedunculatus for sheep: 1. Voluntary intake.]]>51485491Blummel, M. and E.R. Orskov,1993in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting feed intake in cattle.]]>40109119Buxton, D.R.,1996593749Gulsen, N., B. Coskun, H.D. Umucalilar and H. Dural,2004in vitro measurements.]]>56167179Hoffman, P.C., S.J. Sievert, R.D. Shaver, D.A. Welch and D.K. Combs,1993In situ dry matter, protein and fiber degradation of perennial forages.]]>7626322643Hides, D.I.I., J.A. Lovatt and M.V. Hayward,1983383338Kamalak, A., O. Canbolat, Y. Gurbuz and O. Ozay,2005in vitro and in situ degradation of tumbleweed hay (Gundelia tuonefortii L.).]]>58149156Khazaal, K., M.T. Dentinho, J.M. Riberrio and E.R. Orskov,1993in vitro and nylon bag degradability as predictors of the apparent digestibility in vivo and the voluntary intake of hays.]]>57105112Long, R. J., S.O. Apori., F.B. Castro and E.R. Orskov,199980101113Lee, M.J., S.Y. Hwang and P.W.S. Chiou,200036251259Larbi, A., J.W. Smith, I.O. Kurdi, I.O. Adekunle, A.M. Raji and D.O. Ladipo,1998728196Mehrez, A.Z. and E.R. Orskov,197788645650Menke, K.H., L. Raab, A. Salewski, H. Steingass, D. Fritz and W. Schneider,1979In vitro.]]>93217222Menke, K.H. and H. Steingass,1988in vitro gas production using rumen fluid.]]>28755Makkar, H.P.S., M. Blummel and K. Becker,1995in vitro techniques.]]>73897913Minson, D.J.,1990Morrison, J.M.,198032287293Min, B.R., T.N. Barry, G.T. Attwood and W.C. McNabb,2003106319Ndlovu, L.R. and F.V. Nherera,1997in vitro gas production of Zimbabwean browsable indigenous tree species.]]>69121129NRC.,19856th Edn.,Orskov, E.R.,199150187196Orskov, E.R. and I. McDonald,197092499503Pearse, E.S. and H.O. Hartley,1966 Vol. 1,pp: 1-270pp: 1-270Statistica,1993Sanderson, M.A. and W.F. Wedin,198944159168Scalbert, A.,19913038753883Salunkhe, D.K., J.K. Chavan and S.S. Kadam,1990pp: 113-146pp: 113-146Tolera, A., K. Khazaal and E.R. Orskov,199767181195Terry, R.A. and J.M.A. Tilley,1964in vitro procedure.]]>19363372Valente, M.E., G. Borreani, P.G. Peiretti and E. Tabacco,200092967973Waghorn, G.C., M.J. Ulyatt, A. John and M.T. Fisher,1987Lotus corniculatus L.]]>57115126Zinash, S., E. Owen, M.S. Dhanoa and M.K. Theodorou,1996in situ rumen dry matter disappearance of Ethiopian forages from an in vitro gas production technique using a pressure transducer, chemical analyses or in vitro digestibility.]]>617387