Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2006.2222.2228Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. and Dactylorhiza osmanica (Kl.) Soó var. Osmanica (Endemic)]]>SazakAnil OzdenerYasemin 122006912This study reports symbiotic and asymbiotic germination of the seeds of endangered species Dactylorhiza osmanica (KL.) Soo var. osmanica (endemic) and Spiranthes spiralis. (L.) Chevall. Mycorrhizal fungus (Fosm1-Rhizoctonia solani) that was isolated from the roots of D. osmanica var. osmanica was stimulated germination of the seeds of D. osmanica var. osmanica but caused rowing and browning of protocorms. Whereas the symbiotic association between Fosm1 and the seeds of S. spiralis was fully compatible. It was determined that Fsp. sp. (R. repens) didnt compatible fungus for germination of the seeds of examined orchids, because of further development of protocorms was no observed. F1 (Binucleate Rhizoctonia AG A) was established successfully symbiotic association with the seeds of both D. osmanica var. osmanica and S. spiralis and it was stimulated germination and further development of these orchids protocorms. It was determined germination of the seeds of D. osmanica (K.I) Soo var. osmanica and S. spiralis (L.) Chevall in two asymbiotic culture media and the effect of inorganic nitrogen on the germination and protocorm development of this orchids seeds. Inorganic nitrogen was enhanced the germination and development of S. spiralis seeds in the Van Waes Deberg culture medium but the rate of germination of the seeds of D. osmanica var. osmanica were reduced. The germination and protocorm development were reduced in Knudson C culture medium.]]>Arditti, J.,19821982pp: 243-370pp: 243-370Arditti, J. and R. Ernst, 19841984pp: 177-222pp: 177-222Bandoni, R.J., 197971873874Beyrle, H.F., S.E. Smith, R.L. Peterson and C.M.M. Franco,1995Orchis morio protocorms by a mycorrhizal fungus effects of nitrogen nutrition and glycophosate in modifiying the responses. ]]>7311281140Clements, M.A. and R.K. Ellyard, 197948810816Clements M., A. Muir and P.J. Cribb, 198541437445Hadley, G., 19706910151023Kumaria, S. and P. Tandon, 1991Dendrobium fimbriatum var oculatum Hk. f. Seeds on different media.]]>34277279Mead, J.W. and D.C. Bulard, 1979Orchis laxiflora Lamk. ]]>83129136Moore, R.T., 1987Rhizoctonia-like fungi Ascorhizoctonia Ceratorhiza General nov., Epulorhiza General nov., Moniliopsis and Rhizoctonia. ]]>299199Ozdener, Y. and I. Ozkoc, 1996Spiranthes spiralis (L.) ]]>197175Ozkoc, I. and M. Dalci, 1992Serapias vomeracea Burm fil. Briq. Subsp. laxiflora (soo) Golz et. Reinhard (Orchidaceae) on two media.]]>16158164Peterson, R.L., Y. Uetake and C. Zelmer,1998252955Rasmussen, H.N., 1995Sharma, S.K. and P. Tandon, 198718590Shimura, H. and Y. Koda, 2005Cypripedium macranthos var. rebunense following inoculation after cold treatment. ]]>123281287Smreciu, E.A. and R.S. Currah, 19891615Sneh, B., L. Burpee and A. Ogoshi, 1991Rhizoctonia species. ]]>Taylor, D.L. and T.D. Bruns, 1999Corallorhiza maculata and C. mertensiana. ]]>817191732Van Waes, J.M. and P.C. Deberg, 198666435442Van Waes, J.M. and P.C. Deberg, 1986In vitro germination of some Western European orchids. ]]>67253261Williamson, B. and G. Hadley, 1970Thanatephorus cucumeris and other Rhizoctonia isolates. ]]>6010921096Zelmer, C.D. and R.S. Currah, 1995Corallorhiza trifida (Orchidaceae) and Pinus contorta (Pinaceae). ]]>73862866Zettler, L.W., J.C. Burkhead and J.A Marshall, 1999Epidendrum conopseum to germinate seed of Encyclia tampensis in vitro.]]>14102105