Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.1999.575.582MohammadPear Masaya Shiraishi 2199922The anatomy of young roots of trifoliate orange budded with satsuma mandarin cultured hydroponically under pH 4.5-5.6, 6.0-6.3 and 7.5-7.6 were investigated to know the pH optima for this plant. Under pH 4.5-5.6, root tips were pointed and meristematic zone appeared wider. Starch grains were found on the rootcap and cortical cells apart from the tip but were absent completely from the cortical cell files close to the root apex. These characteristics remained similar along the exposure time. Under pH 6.0-6.3, roots were subjected to gradual shortening of growing zone followed by epidermal and root tip injuries on longer induction. Starch grain content in the cortical cells gradually increased up to 10 days of induction followed by conspicuous decrease, especially near the injured epidermis. The adverse effects of pH 7.5-7.6 started at short exposure resulting the severe sloughing of rootcap cells and bulbous structure of root tip. The epidermal injury also became conspicuous even within 3 days. The root apex secreted mucilaginous substances which were followed by injuries. Numerous starch grains were initially accumulated in the cortical cells but degraded completely at longer exposures. The cortical cells remained elongated and cell length gradually increased from the root apex towards the root base at pH 4.5-5.6. In contrast, the cells turned to round and their lengths became higher near the root apex in pH 6.0-6.3 and 7.5-7.6 compared to pH 4.5-5.6.]]>Bertaud, D.S. and P.W. Gandar,1985Phleum pratense L.]]>146275287Brunet, J.,1994Bromus benekenii and Hordelymus europaeus.]]>161157166Chapman, H.D.,19681968pp: 266-268pp: 266-268Erickson, L.C.,19681968pp: 86-123pp: 86-123Feigin, A., C. Ginzburg, S. Gilead and A. Ackerman,19864/NO3 ratio in nutrient solution on growth and yield of greenhouse roses.]]>189127136Koyama, H., T. Toda, S. Yokota, Z. Deqair and T. Hara,1995Arabidopsis thaliana strain Landsberg in hydroponic culture.]]>36201205Medappa, K.C. and M.N. Dana,1970109250253Takao, K., S. Masaya and P. Mohammad,1996Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Okitsu Wase).]]>1996pp: 6061Mohammad, P., M. Shiraishi and S. Koike,19961996pp: 10331037Mohammad, P. and M. Shiraishi,199867660670Mohammad, P. and M. Shiraishi,199921420Nonami, H. and J.S. Boyer,198989798804Mayber, A.P. and H.R. Lerner,19941994pp: 65-96pp: 65-96Pritchard, J., R.G.W. Jones and A.D. Tomos,19914210431049Rosen, C.J., D.L. Allan and J.J. Luby,1990Vaccinium clones.]]>1158389Rost, T.L. and S. Baum,198875414424Sasada, N., Y. Yamamoto and H. Matsumoto,1994354040Silk, W.K., E.M. Lord and K.J. Eckard,1989Zea mays L.]]>90708713Smith, P.F.,197196462463Soprano, E. and O.L. Koller,19961996pp: 832835Yokomizo, H. and M. Ishihara,1973122977Zieslin, N. and P. Snir,1989Rosa indica major to changes in pH and aeration of the root environment in hydroponic culture.]]>37339349Zieslin, N. and M. Abolitz,19942+ and NaCl.]]>58303314