Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.1999.53.59MohammadPear ShiraishiMasaya 1199921The formation rate, elongation and periclinal growths and morphology of roots in trifoliate orange budded with satsuma mandarin, (Citrus unshiu Marc, cv. Okitsu Wase) were studied under aerated and stagnant culture solutions. Rooting started simultaneously within a few days of placement of trees to the culture solutions in both conditions, but total roots/tree was higher in aerated solution compared to stagnant one. Incessant elongation growth was found under aerated conditions while growth was slower in the preliminary stage followed by complete cessation after 5 days of induction to the stagnant solution. The aerated solution also attributed gradual root thickening with higher values of stelar and overall diameters and their ratios as well as elongation growth occurred but stagnant conditions inhibited this thickening. Roots at aerated solution had sharply pointed tips in the preliminary stage which remained unchanged even after longer exposure and the epidermal cells were also constantly intact. On the other hand, under stagnant condition, 3-day-induced roots possessed sharply pointed tips which became dome-shaped on the 5th day and variously injured on the 8th and 10th days. Epidermal cells after 8 and 10 days under this condition also became severely injured. This study therefore suggests that satsuma mandarin onto trifoliate orange can endure stagnant condition only 2-3 days but this condition exerts adverse effects on longer exposures.]]>Buwalda, F., C.J. Thomson, W. Steigner, E.G. Barrett-Lennard, J. Gibbs and H. Greenway,19883911691183Chapman, H.D.,19681968pp: 127-274pp: 127-274Fox, T.C. and R.A. Kennedy,1991Echinochloa and rice.]]>184510514Hoagland, D.R. and T.C. Broyer,193611471507Jackson, M.B. and M.C. Drew,19841984pp: 47-128pp: 47-128Kennedy, R.A., M.E. Rumpho and T.C. Fox,199210016Lemon, E.R.,196254167170Mohammad, P., M. Shiraishi and S. Koike,19961996pp: 10331037Nobel, P.S. and J.A. Palta,19892 and CO2 effects on root respiration of cacti.]]>120263271Palta, J.A. and P.S. Nobel,19892 and CO2 on root respiration for Agave deserti.]]>76187192Smith, P.F.,197196462463Smit, B. and M. Stachowiak,19884153165Steward, F.C.,1935135553555Willey, C.R.,197062224229Zhang, F., J.J. Lin, T.C. Fox, C.V. Mujer, M.E. Rumpho and R.A. Kennedy,199410511491157Zieslin, N. and P. Snir,198937339349