Journal of Biological Sciences1727-30481812-5719Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/jbs.2016.197.201 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on Galleria mellonella in Bee Hives of Apis mellifera]]>TahaEntsar H. AbdelmegeedSawsan M. 52016165Background: Wax worms caused economically damage in storage wax, chemicals which uses in control caused bad effect on stored bee honey inside combs. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) on Galleria mellonella (Gm) in the natural bee hives. Materials and Methods: Seven different inoculum levels of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Hb) (100, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 Ijs mL1) were investigated on wax worms (Gm), larvae and adult of honey bees Apis mellifera inside the bee hives for 1 and 2 times. Results: The highest mortality percentage were 90 and 100% when 5000 Ijs mL1. were used for once and twice, respectively. On the other hand, the EPNs didnt effect on larvae or adult of honey bees. The initial population (Pi), final population (Pf) and rate of reproduction (Rr) were affected with the increase of EPNs inoculum levels and duplication of treatment. The Pi was 648.00 and 766.67 per insect cadaver at 5000 IJs for 1 and 2 times. The highest Pf was 61083.33 and 246166.7 when 2000 IJs were used for 1 and 2 times, respectively. Conclusion: The high concentration of EPNs cause 100% mortality for G. mellonella and there is no side effect on larvae or adult of honey bees. The EPNs can be used to control G. mellonella instead of chemicals without worried about honey bee.]]>Amdam, G.V., K. Hartfelder, K. Norberg, A. Hagen and S.W. Omholt,2004Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae): A factor in colony loss during overwintering?]]>97741747Foley, K., G. Fazio, A.B. Jensen and W.O.H. Hughes,2014Aspergillus spp. opportunistic parasites in hives and their pathogenicity to honey bees.]]>169203210Alfallah, H.M., M. Alfituri and M. Hmuda,2010Merops apiaster on the behavior of honey bee Apis mellifera L. during foraging.]]>110231034Bray, A. and J. Nieh,20142014Le Conte, Y. and M. Navajas,200827499510Evans, J.D. and R.S. Schwarz,201119614620Tsegaye, A., A.J. Wubie, A.B. Eshetu and M. Lemma,201472936Owayss, A.A. and A.A. Abd-Elgayed,2007Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).]]>336775Zaitoun, S.T.,2007Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and their toxicity to worker honeybees Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) under laboratory conditions.]]>5289294Aliouane, Y., A.K. El Hassani, V. Gary, C. Armengaud, M. Lambin and M. Gauthier,200928113122Mullin, C.A., M. Frazier, J. Frazier, S. Ashcraft, R. Simonds and D. vanEngelsdorp,20102010Krupke, C., G. Hunt, B. Eitzer, G. Andino and K. Given,20122012Lacey, L.A. and R. Georgis,201244218225Shapiro-Ilan, D.I., R. Han and C. Dolinksi,201244206217McMullen, J.G. and S.P. Stock,2014In vivo and in vitro rearing of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae).]]>2014Dutka, A., A. McNulty and S.M. Williamson,2015Bombus terrestris.]]>2015Shapiro-Ilan, D.I., J.A. Morales-Ramos, M.G. Rojas and W.L. Tedders,2010Diaprepes abbreviatus and Aethina tumida.]]>103103108Baur, M.E., H.K. Kaya, Y.S. Peng and J. Jiang,1995Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), to steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes.]]>27378381Gambino, P., G.J. Pierluisi and G.O. Poinar Jr.,1992Steinernema feltiae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) against yellowjacket colonies (Hym.: Vespidae).]]>37107114Georgis, R. and G.O. Poinar Jr.,19891989pp: 213-224pp: 213-224Bedding, R.A.,19841984pp: 755-795pp: 755-795