Journal of Applied Sciences1812-56541812-5662Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/jas.2017.171.183ShaabanHamdy A. AliHatem S. BarehGamil F. Al-khalifaAbdel Rahman S. AmerMay M. 42017174Background: Nowadays, packaging research is receiving considerable attention because of the development of eco-friendly materials
made from natural polymers such as chitosan (CH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Essential oils are effective antimicrobials
on important some pathogenic bacteria and can be added packaging materials due to absorb various surfaces. Objective: The main
purposed of this study was to prepared antimicrobial films by incorporating different concentrations of marjoram, clove and cinnamon
essential oils, into chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose films against foodborne pathogens. Methodology: Chitosan (1% w/w)
was dispersed in an aqueous solution of glacial acetic acid (0.5% w/w) at 25°C. Following overnight agitation, essential oils were added
to the chitosan solution. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 1% weight was dispersed in de-ionized water at 80°C. After the dissolution of
the polysaccharide, essential oils were added. Essential oils clove (Syzgium aromaticum), marjoram (Origanum majorana ) and cinnamon
(Cinnamomum zeylanicum ) were extracted by hydro-distillation. The antibacterial effects of essential oils were studied against three
important food pathogens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes by application of agar diffusion method.
Also, antimicrobial effectiveness of films were studied by tryptone soy agar with 3% NaCl was used as a model solid food system
(TSA-NaCl). Results: The intensity of antimicrobial efficacy was in the following order: Marjoram>clove>cinnamon. The antibacterial
effectiveness of the prepared films against E. coli , S. aureus and L. monocytogenes was studied at 10°C during 12 days. The HPMC-EO
and CH-EO composite films present a significant antimicrobial activity against the three pathogens considered. In all film matrices,
marjoram exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity. A complete inhibition of microbial growth was observed for CH or HPMC-marjoram
films for E. coli , HPMC-marjoram for L. monocytogenes and HPMC-clove for S. aureus . Conclusion: The HPMC-EO and CH-EO composite
films, containing clove, cinnamon or marjoram, showed a significant antimicrobial activity (bacteriostatic effect) against the three
pathogens studied (E. coli , L. monocytogenes and S. aureus ). In all film matrices, marjoram exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity.]]>Cevallos, P.A.P., M.P. Buera and B.E. Elizalde,2010997075Wickramarachchi, P.A.S.R, I.N. Samaratunge, C.H.T.C. Kaushalya, W.P.M. Rasangika and P.A. Paranagama,2016Alpinia malaccensis rhizome against S. aureus, E. coli and C. musae.]]>44129135Di Pierro, P., A. Sorrentino, L. Mariniello, C.V.L. Giosafatto and R. Porta,20114423242327Lacroix, M. and K.D. Vu,20142014pp: 277-294pp: 277-294Rojas-Grau, M.A., R.J. Avena-Bustillos, C. Olsen, M. Friedman and P.R. Henika et al.,200781634641Aguilar, K.C., F. Tello, A.C.K. Bierhalz, M.G.G. Romo, H.E.M. Flores and C.R.F. Grosso,20151541724 Tapia, M.S., M.A. Rojas-Grau, A. Carmona, F.J. Rodriguez, R. Soliva-Fortuny and O. Martin-Belloso,20082214931503Mchugh, T.H. and E. Senesi,200065480485Alboofetileh, M., M. Rezaei, H. Hosseini and M. Abdollahi,20143617Emiroglu, Z.K., G.P. Yemis, B.K. Coskun and K. Candogan,201086283288Peretto, G., W.X. Du, R.J. Avena-Bustillos, S.B.L. Sarreal, S.S.T. Hua, P. Sambo and T.H. McHugh,2014891118Hill, L.E., C. Gomes and T.M. Taylor,2013trans-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, cinnamon bark and clove bud extracts) for antimicrobial delivery applications.]]>518693Szczepanski, S. and A. Lipski,201436224229Atares, L., J. Bonilla and A. Chiralt,2010100678687Lopez, P., C. Sanchez, R. Batlle and C. Nerin,20075543484356Holley, R.A. and D. Patel,200522273292Burt, S.,200494223253Sanchez-Gonzalez, L., M. Vargas, C. Gonzalez-Matinez, A. Chiralt and M. Chafer,20113116Lee, S.J., K. Umano, T. Shibamoto and K.G. Lee,2005Ocimum basilicum L.) and thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris L.) and their antioxidant properties.]]>91131137Lambert, R.J.W., P.N. Skandamis, P.J. Coote and G.J.E. Nychas,200191453462Smith-Palmer, A., J. Stewart and L. Fyfe,200118463470Perez-Perez, C., C. Regolado-Gonzales, C.A. Rodriquez-Rodriquez, J.R. Barbosa-Roderiquez and F. Villasenor-Ortega,20062006pp: 193-216pp: 193-216Nisperos-Carriedo, M.O.,19941994pp: 305-335pp: 305-335Villalobos, R., P.M. Hernandez and A. Chiralt,200620502509Krochta, J.M. and C. de Mulder-Johnston,1997516174Li, Q., E.T. Dunn, E.W. Grandmaison and M.F.A. Goosen,19921992pp: 3-29pp: 3-29No, H.K., S.P. Meyers, W. Prinyawiwatkul and Z. Xu,200772R87R100Gomez-Estaca, J., A.L. de Lacey, M.E. Lopez-Caballero, M.C. Gomez-Guillen and P. Montero,201027889896Lv, F., H. Liang, Q. Yuan and C. Li,2011In vitro antimicrobial effects and mechanism of action of selected plant essential oil combinations against four food-related microorganisms.]]>4430573064Ait-Ouazzou, A., S. Loran, A. Arakrak, A. Laglaoui and C. Rota et al.,2012Mentha pulegium, Juniperus phoenicea and Cyperus longus essential oils from Morocco.]]>45313319Kristo, E., K.P. Koutsoumanis and C.G. Biliaderis,2008Listeria monocytogenes.]]>22373386Winward, G.P., L.M. Avery, T. Stephenson and B. Jefferson,20084222602268Shaaban, H.A.E., A.H. El-Ghorab and T. Shibamoto,201224203212Castellano, P., C. Belfiore, S. Fadda and G. Vignolo,200879483499Tajkarimi, M.M., S.A. Ibrahim and D.O. Cliver,20102111991218Hosseini, M.H., S.H. Razavi and M.A. Mousavi,200933727743Wu, Y.B., S.H. Yu, F.L. Mi, C.W. Wu, S.S. Shyu and C.K. Peng,200457435440Fernandez-Saiz, P., J.M. Lagaron and M.J. Ocio,200923913921Pranoto, Y., S.K. Rakshit and V.M. Salokhe,200538859865Zivanovic, S., S. Chi and A.F. Draughon,200570M45M51Moreira, M.R., A.G. Ponce, C.E. del Valle and S.I. Roura,200538565570Liu, H., Y. Du, X. Wang and L. Sun,200495147155Li, X.F., X.Q. Feng, S. Yang, G.Q. Fu, T.P. Wang and Z.X. Su,2010Escherichia coli through damage to be of cell membrane mechanism.]]>79493499Liu, N., X.G. Chen, H.J. Park, C.G. Liu, C.S. Liu, X.H. Meng and L.J. Yu,2006Escherichia coli.]]>646065Brody, A.L., E.R. Strupinsky and L.R. Kline,2001Coma, V., I. Sebti, P. Pardon, A. Deschamps and F.H. Pichavant,2001Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus.]]>64470475Devlieghere, F., A. Vermeulen and J. Debevere,200421703714Beverlya, R.L., M.E. Janes, W. Prinyawiwatkula and H.K. No,2008Listeria monocytogenes.]]>25534537Fisher, K. and C. Phillips,2008Essential oils in food: Is citrus the answer?]]>19156164Ravi Kumaer, M.N.V., R.A.A. Muzzarelli, C. Muzzarelli, H. Sashiwa and A.J. Domb,200410460176084Ouattar, B., R.E. Simard, G. Piett, A. Begin and R.A. Holley,200062139148Lim, K. and A. Mustapha,2007Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus on sliced roast beef by cetylpyridinium chloride and acidified sodium chlorite.]]>248994Fernandez-Saiz, P., C. Soler, J.M. Lagaron and M.J. Ocio,2010Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. in laboratory media and in fish soup.]]>137287294Millette, M., C. Le Tien, W. Smoragiewicz and M. Lacroix,2007Staphylococcus aureus on beef by nisin-containing modified alginate films and beads.]]>18878884Mayachiew, P., S. Devahastin, B.M. Mackey and K. Niranjan,201043125132