American Journal of Food Technology1557-45711557-458XAcademic Journals Inc.10.3923/ajft.2017.178.185Inocarfus fagifer Forst.) Flour]]>WijanarkaAgus SudargoToto HarmayaniEni MarsonoYustinus 32017123Background: Gayam (Inocarfus fagifer Forst.), a native plant of Indonesia has a good potential as a source of flour. Currently, gayam flour is made by conventional processing with poor quality. Objective: The study was to evaluate the effect of pre-gelatinization treatment on physicochemical and functional properties of gayam flour. Methodology: Pre-gelatinized gayam flour was prepared from unpeeled gayam seed by boiling at 100°C for 15, 30 or 45 min, followed by peeling, slicing, drying, grinding and sieving through a 60 mesh. Results: The pre-gelatinization treatment decreased the starch and amylose content, while moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates and dietary fiber content did not differ significantly. The longer pre-gelatinization time led to the higher of ΔE values and whiteness index, whereas pre-gelatinization for 45 min produced the highest ΔE values and whiteness index. Scanning electron microscopy showed the granules of the pre-gelatinized gayam flour were oval, rough surface, bigger and heterogenous size, while native flour was spherical, smooth surface, smaller and homogeneous size. The pre-gelatinization treatment increased water holding capacity and swelling power but decreased oil holding capacity and solubility. Pasting temperature and setback viscosity of pre-gelatinized gayam flour increased as the pre-gelatinization time increased but it had no effect on the peak, trough, breakdown and final viscosity. Conclusion: The significant differences in physicochemical and functional properties were observed among the pre-gelatinized gayam flours with respect to starch, amylose content, color, microstructure, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and pasting properties. The pre-gelatinization treatment of gayam seed increased the whiteness index, water holding capacity and swelling power.]]>Pauku, R.L.,2006Inocarpus fagifer (Tahitian chestnut).]]>2006Setyowati, N., S.H. Priyono, N.W. Utami, S.B. Susilanti and A.H. Wawo,2010Inocarpus fagiferus) as an alternative to food.]]>2010Murdiati, A.,19831983Kurniawati, E.,1998Inocarpus edulis Forst.) flour for the manufacture of biscuits in diversification of food.]]>1998Wijanarka, A., T. Sudargo, E. Harmayani and Y. Marsono,2016Inocarfus fagifer Forst.) flour.]]>15649654Zeuthen, P., J.C. Cheftel, C. Erikson, M. Jul and H. Leniger et al.,1984Tester, R.F. and W.R. Morrison,199067551557Vivar-Quintana, A.M., M.L. Gonzalez-San Jose and M. Collado-Fernandez,1999668792Padmaja, G., C. Balagopalan, S.N. Moorthy and V.P. Potty,19961996pp: 323-330pp: 323-330Palupi, H.T., A. Zainul and A.M. Nugroho,20111114Njintang, Y.N. and C.M.F. Mbofung,2006in-vitro carbohydrate digestibility of taro flour.]]>39684691Abiodun, O.A. and R. Akinoso,20142014Liu, H., H. Corke and L. Ramsden,200052353360Jacobasch, G., G. Dongowski, D. Schmiedl and K. Muller-Schmehl,20069510631074Pranoto, Y., Rahmayuni, Haryadi and S.K. Rakshit,20142120312038AOAC.,199516th Edn.,Juliano, B.O.,197116334338Asp, N.G., C.G. Johansson, H. Hallmer and M. Siljestroem,198331476482Popov-Raljic, J.V. and J.G. Lalicic-Petronijevic,2009919962016Chau, C.F., P.C.K. Cheung and Y.S. Wong,19974525002503Tester, R.F. and W.R. Morrison,199067551557Shahzadi, N., M.S. Butt, Saleem-ur-Rehman and K. Sharif,20057105108Epriliati, I.,2002Inocarpus edulis Forst.) starch.]]>2002Chen, J.J., C.Y. Lii and S. Lu,200311283289Moreira, R., F. Chenlo, M.D. Torres, B. Rama and S. Arufe,201522407413Richana, N. and T.C. Sunarti,2004Amorphophallus and Dioscorea).]]>12937Akyildiz, A. and N.D. Ocal,20068623632368Sunarti, T.C., N. Richana, F. Kasim, Purwoko and A. Budiyanto,20072007Ambigaipalan, P., R. Hoover, E. Donner, Q. Liu and S. Jaiswal et al.,20114429622974Kinsella, J.E. and N. Melachouris,19767219280Ma, Z., J.I. Boye, B.K. Simpson, S.O. Prasher, D. Monpetit and L. Malcolmson,20114425342544Babu, A.S. and R. Parimalavalli,201227780Eltayeb, A.R.S.M., A.O. Ali, A.A. Abou-Arab and F.M. Abu-Salem,2011Vigna subterranean).]]>58290Lai, H.M.,200172455463Fasasi, O.S., I.A. Adeyemi and O.A. Fagbenro,2005in vitro protein digestibility of maize-tilapia flour blends.]]>3342345Lorlowhakarn, K. and O. Naivikul,200640135143Du, S.K., H. Jiang, X. Yu and J.L. Jane,201455308313Lee, I., G.J. We, D.E. Kim, Y.S. Cho, M.R. Yoon, M. Shin and S. Ko,201248164168Adebowale, Y.A., I.A. Adeyemi and A.A. Oshodi,2005Mucuna species.]]>414611468Zaidul, I.S.M., N.A.N. Norulaini, A.K.M. Omar, H. Yamauchi and T. Noda,200769784791Hanim, A.B.M., N.L. Chin and Y.A. Yusof,20142120992107