Asian Journal of Biological Sciences1996-3351xxxx-xxxxScience International10.3923/ajbs.2017.64.71Cronobacter sakazakii into Viable but Non-culturable State at Low Temperature in Water Microcosm]]>FakruddinMd. RahamanMd. Mizanur HossainMd. Nur AhmedMonzur Morshed 22017102Background and Objective:Cronobacter sakazakii considered to be an important human pathogen and has been increasingly linked to food-borne illness. This study aimed to investigate the fate of C. sakazakii in lake water under low temperature and to evaluate the potential hazard of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells induced under such stressful conditions. Methodology: A laboratory strain of Cronobacter sakazakii was induced into VBNC state at low temperature in water microcosm and resuscitation and virulence gene was examined. Effect of growth phase and inoculum level on induction into VBNC was determined. Results were analysed by students t-test. Results: Results suggested that C. sakazakii strain can enter into VBNC state at low temperature. Growth phase and inoculum level has no effect on induction of VBNC. The VBNC forms of the strain examined can be resuscitated by temperature upshift and addition of catalase. The VBNC C. sakazakii strain showed the potential to retain virulence. Virulence gene expression and alteration of protein secretion was observed during VBNC state. Conclusion: It is concluded that under some stress conditions, Cronobacter sakazakii can not only enter into VBNC state but also retain virulence and resuscitation potential. This study will help researchers to explore mechanisms of survival and virulence of the pathogen in food value chain. Understanding these mechanisms may pave the way to device new control strategies.]]>Iversen, C., P. Druggan, S. Schumacher, A. Lehner and C. Feer et al.,2008Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii).]]>7425502553Barron, J.C. and S.J. Forsythe,2007Enterobacter sakazakii and other Enterobacteriaceae in dehydrated powdered infant formula.]]>7021112117Fakruddin, M., M. Rahaman, M.M. Ahmed and M.M. Hoque,2014Cronobacter sakazakii from food.]]>2014Amalaradjou, M.A.R., K.S. Kim and K. Venkitanarayanan,2014Cronobacter sakazakii in vitro.]]>1586398655Ghassem, M., A.S. Babji, S.J. Forsythe and A.S. Norrakiah,2011Cronobacter species as measured by media performance.]]>18367372Fakruddin, M., M.M. Rahaman, M.M. Ahmed and M.M. Hoque,2013Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii): An emerging foodborne pathogen.]]>4349359Barcina, I. and I. Arana,20098245255Fakruddin, M., K.S.B. Mannan and S. Andrews,20132013Sung, H.H., C.K. Chen, P.A. Shih and P.C. Hsu,2006Vibrio cholera O139 by temperature and its pathogenicity.]]>14265272Haque, M.M., S.I. Khan and C.R. Ahsan,2007Vibrio cholera O1 at non-culturable state.]]>24133136Abdallah, F.B., A. Ellafi, R. Lagha, H. Kallel and A. Bakhrouf,2011Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus in response to long-term starvation in seawater.]]>5792801Laemmli, U.K.,1970227680685Dinu, L.D. and S. Bach,2011Escherichia coli O157: H7 in the phyllosphere of lettuce: A food safety risk factor.]]>7782958302Ramamurthy, T., A. Ghosh, G.P. Pazhani and S. Shinoda,20142014Fernandez-Delgado, M., M.A. Garcia-Amado, M. Contreras, R.N. Incani, H. Chirinos, H. Rojas and P. Suarez,2015Vibrio cholera from the viable but non-culturable state in the Southern Caribbean Sea.]]>572126Darcan, C., R. Ozkanca, O. Idil and K.P. Flint,200858307317Maalej, S., R. Gdoura, S. Dukan, A. Hammami and A. Bouain,2004Aeromonas hydrophila exposed to natural seawater at low temperature.]]>97557565Pawlowski, D.R., D.J. Metzger, A. Raslawsky, A. Howlett and G. Siebert et al.,2011Yersinia pestis into the viable but nonculturable state in a low-temperature tap water microcosm.]]>2011Kong, H.G., J.Y. Bae, H.J. Lee, H.J. Joo, E.J. Jung, E. Chung and S.W. Lee,2014Ralstonia solanacearum by low temperature in the soil microcosm and its resuscitation by catalase.]]>2014Mary, P., N.E. Chihib, O. Charafeddine, C. Defives and J.P. Hornez,2002Aeromonas hydrophila.]]>43250258Liu, Y., C. Wang, G. Tyrrell, S.E. Hrudey and X.F. Li,2009Escherichia coli O157: H7 into the viable but nonāculturable state by chloraminated water and river water and subsequent resuscitation.]]>1155161Zhong, L., J. Chen, X.H. Zhang and Y.A. Jiang,2009Vibrio cincinnatiensis into viable but nonculturable state and its resuscitation.]]>48247252Mizunoe, Y., S.N. Wai, A. Takade and S.I. Yoshida,1999Escherichia coli O157 cells by using H2O2-degrading compounds.]]>1726367Zeng, B., G. Zhao, X. Cao, Z. Yang, C. Wang and L. Hou,2012Salmonella typhi.]]>2012Baffone, W., B. Citterio, E. Vittoria, A. Casaroli, R. Campana, L. Falzano and G. Donelli,2003Vibrio spp.]]>893139