American Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology2150-42102150-4253Academic Journals Inc.10.3923/ajbmb.2012.19.29Triticum aestivum and its Effects on Th1/Th2 Cytokines and NFκB P 65 Response]]>HemalathaR. KarthikM. Narendra BabuK. Dinesh KumarB. 1201221Triticum aestivum which refers to the young grass of the common wheat plant has become extremely popular in treating a variety of health conditions. In this study we have investigated the immunomodulatory activity of Triticum aestivum water extract in Swiss albino mice and its effect on Th1/Th2 cytokine production by spleen cells. Female Swiss albino mice were challenged with Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBC) and treated with either Triticum aestivum 540 mg kg-1 or Prednisolone 5 mg kg-1 body weight for 15 days. Blood was collected from retroorbital plexus to perform hematological, serological and bone marrow cellularity evaluation. Th1/Th2 cytokines and the p65 subunit of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) were estimated in the splenocytes by ELISA from supernatants of splenocyte culture. Antioxidant activity of Triticum aestivum was assessed by using DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) Assay. Water extract of Triticum aestivum was found to increase White Blood Cells (WBC), Red Blood Cells (RBC) and Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in both normal and myelosuppressed Swiss albino mice. Furthermore, there was significant increase in bone marrow cellularity and hemagglutinin (antibody to SRBC) titer in animals treated with Triticum aestivum compared to control group. Triticum aestivum water extract upregulated Th1 cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN- γ) and Th2 cytokine (IL4). In contrast, IL-1β (a Th1 cytokine) and P65 subunit of NFkB were suppressed in groups treated with Triticum aestivum. Moreover, Triticum aestivum extract restored Prednisolone suppressed TNF-α and IL-2 cytokines. Triticum aestivum appears to have a significant role in immunity and our findings confirm its beneficial role in hemoglobin concentration. Furthermore, the results on Th response suggest a potential role for Triticum aestivum in Th1 modulation and thus its potential role, as a candidate drug for inflammatory disorders including cancer management should be explored.]]>Arya, P. and M. Kumar,2011Triticum aestivum of mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by DMBA and croton oil-association with oxidative status.]]>12143148Balkwill, F., 20099361371Bar-Sela, G., M. Tsalic, G. Fried and H. Goldberg,2006584348Beg, A.A., W.C. Sha, R.T. Bronson, S. Ghosh and D. Baltimore,1995376167170Ben-Arye, E., E. Goldin, D. Wengrower, A. Stamper, R. Kohn and E. Berry,200237444449Bonfilia, L., M. Amicia, V. Cecarinia, M. Cucciolonia and R. Tacconia, 20099111311144Machuca, C., C. Mendoza-Milla, E. Cordova, S. Mejia, L. Covarrubias, J. Ventura and A. Zentella,20067920Dey, S., R. Sarkar, P. Ghosh, R. Khatun and K. Ghorai et al.,2006244348Elenkov, I.J., 20041024138146Ferruzzi, M.G., V. Bohm, P.D. Courtney and S.J. Schwartz,20026725892595Hay, F.C., L. Hudson, O.M.R. Westwood, P.N. Nelson and Leslie Practical Immunology Hudson,20024th Edn.,pp: 103-107pp: 103-107Hemalatha, R., K.N. Babu, M. Karthik, R. Ramesh, B.D. Kumar and P.U. Kumar,2011Ocimum sanctum in myelosuppressed Swiss Albino mice.]]>62331Elenkov, I.J. and G.P. Chrousos,2002966290303Johan, de V., D.S.M.L. Jonker-Termont, M.B. Katan and R. van der Meer, 200513519952000Kay, A.B.,200056843864Kothari, S., A.K. Jain, S.C. Mehta and S.D. Tonpay,2011Triticum aestivum (wheat) grass juice in hypercholesterolemic rats.]]>68291294Larmoniera, N., D. Cathelina, C. Larmonierb, A. Nicolasa and D. Merino et al., 200731323452355Lee, Y.C. and S.H. Kim,2008Juglans sinensis, Psoralea corylifolia, Cheong-a-hwan extract and cyclosporine A on Th1(IFN-γ)/Th2(IL-4) cytokine balance, eosinophil accumulation in a murine model of asthma.]]>1610Marawaha, R.K., D. Bansal, S. Kaur and A. Trehan,200441716720Hayden, M.S. and S. Ghosh,20041821952224Malik, F., A. Kumar, S. Bhushan, D.M. Mondhe and H.C. Pal et al.,2009Withania somnifera.]]>4514941509Mediratta, P.K., K.K. Sharma and S. Singh,2002Ocimum sanctum seed oil and its possible mechanism of action.]]>801520Mukhopadhyay, S., J. Basak, M. Kar, S. Mandal and A. Mukhopadhyay,20092770127012Petrovsky, N., 200179350357Kulkarni, S.D., J.C. Tilak, R. Acharya, N.S. Rajurkar, T.P. Devasagayam and A.V. Reddy,2006Triticum aestivum L.) as a function of growth under different conditions.]]>20218227Szlosarek, P., K.A. Charles and F.R. Balkwill,200142745750Voronov, E., D.S. Shouval, Y. Krelin, E. Carnano and D. Benharroch et al.,200310026452650Davis, L. and G. Kuttan,2000Withania somnifera.]]>71193200