Hana A.H. Zakaria
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
Mohammad A.R. Jalal
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
Majdi A. Abu Ishmais
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding a commercial multienzyme feed additive (Tomoko, Biogenkoji Research Institute, Japan) on the performance of broilers. Four isoenergetic and isontirogenous diets consisting of control diet without enzyme (Con) and three test diets supplemented with Tomoko at 250 (T250), 500 (T500) and 750 (T750) g/tonne of feed were used for starter, grower and finisher phases. Each diet was offered to 10 replicates of 40 one-day-old straight-run Lohmann broiler chicks (n = 1600) in a randomized complete block design (10 blocks of 4 diets each). Data was analyzed using mixed procedure of SAS (repeated measures analysis) for a randomized complete block design, with level of significance set at p = 0.05. Enzyme used in the study was authenticated by the supplier to have minimum level of acidic protease (10,000 U/g), alpha-amylase (40 U/g), pectinase (30 U/g), phytase (10 U/g), glucoamylase (5 U/g) and cellulase (4 U/g). Enzyme supplementation had no significant effect on Feed Intake (FI) at 21 d, while at 42 d birds fed T250 and Con diets significantly consumed more feed than T500 and/or T750. No significant differences were observed for Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Body Weight (BW) and Body Weight Gain (BWG) were significantly higher (p<0.05) for birds fed Con diet at 42 d. Carcass characteristics showed no significant effects on whole carcass weight and/or dressing percent and weight and percent of breast, thighs and wings. Enzyme supplemented diets significantly (p<0.05) increased liver percent in contrast to Con diet, while no significant differences were reported for heart, gizzard and abdominal fat pad. The addition of enzyme did not significantly impact meat quality traits (pH, cooking loss, water holding capacity, shear force and colour attributes). Chemical analysis showed significantly (p<0.05) higher Dry Matter (DM) and ash percent for breast meat and significantly (p<0.05) higher DM, ash and Crude Protein (CP) percent for thigh meat, in birds fed Con diet. In conclusion, enzyme supplementation elicited few responses in birds when supplemented at three levels in contrast to a normal corn-soybean diet.
PDF References
How to cite this article
Hana A.H. Zakaria, Mohammad A.R. Jalal and Majdi A. Abu Ishmais, 2010. The Influence of Supplemental Multi-enzyme Feed Additive on the Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality Traits of Broiler Chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 9: 126-133.
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2010.126.133
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2010.126.133
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2010.126.133
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2010.126.133
REFERENCES
- Acamovic, T., 2001. Commercial application of enzyme technology for poultry production. Word's Poult. Sci. J., 57: 225-242.
CrossRefDirect Link - AOAC, 2002. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Edn., Association Official Analytical Chemistry, Arlington, VA.
Direct Link - Bedford, M.R., 2000. Exogenous enzymes in monogastric nutrition-their current value and future benefits. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 86: 1-13.
CrossRefDirect Link - Bratcher, C.L., D.D. Johnson, R.C. Litell and B.L. Gwartney, 2005. The effects of quality grade, aging and location within muscle on Warner-Bratzler shear force in beef muscles of locomotion. Meat Sci., 70: 279-284.
CrossRef - Cafe, M.B., C.A. Borges, C.A. Fritts and P.W. Waldroup, 2002. Avizyme improves performance of broilers fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. J. Applied Poult. Res., 11: 29-33.
CrossRefDirect Link - Costa, F.G.P., C.C. Goulart, D.F. Figueiredo, C.F.S. Oliveira and J.H.V. Silva, 2008. Economic and environmental impact of using exogenous enzymes on poultry feeding. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7: 311-314.
CrossRefDirect Link - Cowieson, A.J. and V. Ravindran, 2008. Effect of exogenous enzymes in maize-based diets varying in nutrient density for young broilers: Growth performance and digestibility of energy, minerals and amino acids. Br. Poult. Sci., 49: 37-44.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Cowieson, A.J. and V. Ravindran, 2008. Sensitivity of broiler starters to three doses of an enzyme cocktail in maize-based diets. Br. Poult. Sci., 49: 340-346.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Douglas, M.W., C.M. Parson and M.R. Bedford, 2000. Effect of various soybean meal sources and Avizyme on chick growth performance and ideal digestible energy. J. Applied Poult. Res., 9: 74-80.
Direct Link - El-Husseiny, O.M., A.G. Abdallah and K.O. Abdel-Latif, 2008. The influence of biological feed additives on broiler performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7: 862-871.
CrossRefDirect Link - Ghazi, S., J.A. Rooke and H. Galbraith, 2003. Improvement of the nutritive value of soybean meal by protease and α-galactosidase treatment in broiler cockerels and broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci., 44: 410-418.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Biswas, T., L. Mandal and S.K. Sarker, 1999. Studies of enzymes supplementation and herbal preparation at different levels of energy on the performance of broilers. J. Interacad., 3: 53-58.
Direct Link - Hughes, R.J., M. Choct, A. Kocher and R.J. van Barneveld, 2000. Effect of food enzymes on AME and composition of digesta from broiler chickens fed on diets containing non-starch polysaccharides isolated from lupin kernel. Br. Poult. Sci., 41: 318-323.
Direct Link - Jiang, Z., Y. Zhou, F. Lu, Z. Han and T. Wang, 2008. Effects of different levels of supplementary alpha-amylase on digestive enzyme activities and pancreatic amylase mRNA expression of young broilers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 21: 97-102.
CrossRefDirect Link - Kidd, M.T., G.W. Morgan and C.J. Price, 2001. Enzyme supplementation to corn and soybean meal diets for broilers. J. Applied Poult. Res., 10: 65-70.
Direct Link - Kocher, A., M. Choct, M.D. Porter and J. Broz, 2002. Effects of feed enzymes on nutritive value of soybean meal fed to broilers. Br. Poult. Sci., 43: 54-63.
CrossRefDirect Link - Kocher, A., M. Choct, G. Ross, J. Broz and T.K. Chung, 2003. Effects of enzyme combinations on apparent metabolizable energy of corn-soybean meal-based diets in broilers. J. Applied Poult. Res., 12: 275-283.
CrossRefDirect Link - Meng, X., B.A. Slominski, C.M. Nyachoti, C.M. Campbell and W. Guenter, 2005. Degredation of cell wall polysaccharides by combinations of carbohydrase enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and broiler chicken performance. Poult. Sci., 84: 37-47.
Direct Link - Mohamad, M.A. and A.S. Hamza, 1991. Using enzyme preparation in corn-soybean meal broiler rations. Egypt. J. Anim. Prod., 28: 245-254.
Direct Link - Odetallah, N.H., J.J. Wang, J.D. Garlich and J.C.H. Shih, 2003. Keratinase in starter diets improves growth of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 82: 664-670.
Direct Link - Ritz, C.W., R.M. Hulet, B.B. Self and D.M. Denbow, 1995. Growth and intestinal morphology of male turkeys as influenced by dietary supplementation of amylase and xylanase. Poult. Sci., 74: 1329-1334.
PubMed - Saleh, F., A. Ohtsuka, T. Tanaka and K. Hayashi, 2004. Carbohydrases are digested by proteases present in enzyme preparations during in vitro digestion. J. Poult. Sci., 41: 229-235.
CrossRefDirect Link - Saleh, F., M. Tahir, A. Ohtsuka and K. Hayashi, 2005. A mixture of pure cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase improves broiler performance. Br. Poult. Sci., 46: 602-606.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Olukosi, O.A., A.J. Cowieson and O. Adeola, 2007. Age-related influence of a cocktail of xylanase, amylase and protease or phytase individually or in combination in broilers. Poult. Sci., 86: 77-86.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Olukosi, O.A., A.J. Coweison and O. Adeola, 2008. Influence of enzyme supplementation of maize-soybean meal diets on carcass composition, whole-body nutrient accretion and total tract nutrient retention of broilers. Poult. Sci., 49: 436-445.
CrossRefDirect Link - Samarasinghe, K., R. Messikommer and C. Wenk, 2000. Activity of supplementation enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and growth performance of growing chickens as affected by pelleting temperature. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 53: 45-58.
PubMedDirect Link - Sams, A.R. and D.M. Janky, 1986. The influence of brine chilling on tenderness of hot-boned, chill-boned and age-boned broiler breast fillets. Poult. Sci., 65: 1316-1321.
Direct Link - Selle, P.H., D.G. Cadogan, Y.J. Ru and G.G. Partridge, 2010. Impact of exogenous enzymes in sorghum-or wheat-based broiler diets on nutrient utilization and growth performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9: 53-58.
CrossRefDirect Link - Vieira, S.L. R.P. Ott, J. Berres, A.R. Olmos, J.L.B. Coneglian and D.M. Freitas, 2006. Effects of a mix of carbohydrases on live performance and carcass yield of broilers fed all vegetable diets based on corn and soybean meal. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 5: 662-665.
CrossRefDirect Link - Vranjes, M.V. and C. Wenk, 1995. Influence of dietary enzyme complex on the performance of broilers fed on diets with and without antibiotic supplementation. Br. Poult. Sci., 36: 265-275.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Wang, H., Y. Guo and J.C.H. Shih, 2008. Effects of dietary supplementation of keratinase on growth performance, nitrogen retention and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens fed diets with soybean meal and cottonseed meal. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 140: 376-384.
Direct Link - Werner, C., S. Janisch, U. Kumbet and M. Wicke, 2009. Comparative study of the quality of broiler and Turkey meat. Br. Poult. Sci., 50: 318-324.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Yamamoto, M., F. Saleh, M. Tahir, A. Ohtuska and K. Hayashi, 2007. The effect of Koji-feed (fermented distillery by-product) on the growth performance and nutrient metabolizability in broiler. J. Poult. Sci., 44: 291-296.
Direct Link - Zanella, I., N.K. Sakomura, F.G. Silversides, A. Fiqueirdo and M. Pack, 1999. Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans. Poult. Sci., 78: 561-568.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link