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Executive Summary
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Enicostemma littorale have Potential as Functional Food Ingredient
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Muhammad Sarwar
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ABSTRACT
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Not available |
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Enicostemma littorale ia a perennial herb which is commonly found in
India. In Hindi, it is called Chota chirayata. It has sessile lanceolate leaves
and aerial parts of the plant have essential minerals like iron, potassium,
sodium, calcium, magnesium, silica, phosphate, chloride, sulphate and carbonate.
Many important compounds has been isolated from different parts of the plant
like enicoflavin, gentiocrucine, steroids and triterpenoids including catechins,
saponins, betulin (Rai and Thakar, 1966). E. littorale
also exhibited antihyperglycemic activity in hyperglycemic rat models (Gupta
and Seth, 1962). Its hot aquas extract has also been used by the traditional
healers for the treatment of diabetes, fever, stomach pain, dyspepsia and malaria
(Murali et al., 2002). Its anti-inflammatory
and anticancer potential has also been reported in the previous studies (Kavimani
and Manisenthkumar, 2000; Vasu et al., 2005).
In free radicals, there are one or more unpaired electrons which are highly
unstable and become the cause to other molecule by acquiring electrons from
them to gain stability. Superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide
are the some Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which are highly reactive and have
significant damage potential. Despite it, they perform different essential functions
in our body like energy supply, detoxification, chemical signaling and immune
function (Valko et al., 2007). Some herbal plants
have short shelf life due to their perishable nature. A conmen way to conserve
their qualities is drying them which may reduce storage volume and enhance their
shelf life. Sun/shade drying or microwave drying/oven drying functions have
been performed to inactivate Polyphenol oxidases enzymes but it has altered
the phytochemicals composition of the plant (Capecka et
al., 2005).
A research attempt has been made by Indian scientists and their findings were
published in the Research Journal of Medicinal Plant 3 (3): 93-101, 2009. The
basic aim of the study was to assess the effects of various drying methods on
the total phenol contents and antioxidant properties (DPPH (2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)
and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) of Enicostemma littorale
under different solvent. They concluded that after different drying treatments,
plant material led to significant reduction in antioxidant properties of E.
littorale in methanolic extracts as compared to that of the boiling water
extracts which exhibited significantly stronger antioxidant potentials even
in dried plant materials (Mueller-Harvey, 2001). It
is just due to greater solubility of compounds, breakdown of cellular constituents
and hydrolysis of tannins. A strong free radical scavenging activity in E.
littorale have potential in the food industry as functional food ingredient.
The researchers suggested that the compounds extracted by simple boiling would
benefit better rather than methanolic solvents and there is a dare need to evaluate
new technologies in this regard.
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REFERENCES |
Capecka, E., A. Marecczek and M. Leja, 2005. Antioxidant activity of fresh and dry herbs of some Lamiaceae species. Food Chem., 93: 223-226. Direct Link |
Gupta, S.S. and C.B. Seth, 1962. Experimental studies on pituitary diabetes. II. Comparison of blood sugar level in normal and anterior pituitary extract-induced hyperglycaemic rats treated with a few ayurvedic remedies. Indian J. Med. Res., 50: 708-714. Direct Link |
Kavimani, S. and K.T. Manisenthkumar, 2000. Effect of methanolic extract of Enicostemma littorale on Dalton's ascitic lymphoma. J. Ethnopharmacol., 71: 349-352. CrossRef | PubMed |
Mueller-Harvey, I., 2001. Analysis of hydrolysable tannins. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 91: 3-20.
Murali, B., U.M. Upadhyaya and R.K. Goyal, 2002. Effect of chronic treatment with Enicostemma littorale in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 81: 199-204. CrossRef |
Rai, J. and K.A. Thakar, 1966. Chemical investigation of E. littorale Blume. Curr. Sci., 35: 145-160. Direct Link |
Valko, M., D. Leibfritz, J. Moncol, M.T. Cronin, M. Mazur and J. Telser, 2007. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 39: 44-84. CrossRef | PubMed | Direct Link |
Vasu, V.T., H. Modi, J.V. Thaikoottathil and S. Gupta, 2005. Hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect of Enicostemma littorale Blume aqueous extract in cholesterol fed rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 101: 277-282. CrossRef | PubMed |
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