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by
Pramote Paengkoum |
Total Records (
11 ) for
Pramote Paengkoum |
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Pramote Paengkoum
and
Han Yong
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This experiment was performed with the purpose of investigating effect of additional blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics on growth, ruminal metabolism and plasma fatty acid profiles particularly Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in growing goats fed corn silage and selected the optimal levels of the probiotics for further study. Twenty-four growing crossbred (Thai native x Anglo-Nubian) goats that weighed (14.2±2.3 kg), aged about 6 months, were purchased and allocated to 4 treatments according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 6 goats in each treatment. The blocks were made by weight into heavy, medium and light goats and each of the treatments contained two goats from each of the blocks. The results displayed that g kg-1 W0.75 dry matter intake (p<0.05), average daily gain (g day-1) (p<0.01) and feed conversion (p<0.05) were increased. At the same time digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (p<0.05), ether extract, acid detergent fiber and CP (p>0.05) as well as that of dry matter and organic matter (p>0.05) also were increased. In the mean time, ruminal average pH unaffected, but the NH3-N and also plasma urea nitrogen (p<0.05), total volatile fatty acid (p>0.05) were raised, but propionic proportion (p<0.05) and butyric proportion (p>0.05) were reduced in concurrent with raise of acetic proportion and resultantly C2:C3 ratio (p>0.05). Protozoa number (p>0.05) was depressed contrasted to heighten total viable bacterial number. On plasma fatty acid profiles, total saturated fatty acids (p>0.05) was increased and contrasted with decrease of C15:0 (p<0.01), C16:0 (p>0.05) and C18-C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids (p<0.05 or p<0.01). In addition, the experiment proved that the supplemented probiotics was in force for heightening CLA (p<0.01); for raising desirable fatty acids (p<0.05); for reducing ratio of PUFA: SFA (p>0.05) and for raising ratio of n6:n3 (p<0.05). |
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Pramote Paengkoum
and
Kanin Bunnakit
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This research aimed to study the effects of cassava pulp mixed with urea Gelatinizes (Caspurea) on productive performance of Thai native x Brahman beef cattle. Four yearling Thai native x Brahman beef cattle with average live weight of 154.7±26.8 kg were used in a 4x4 Latin square arrangement of treatments with 4 periods, each period consisted 21 days. The treatments were levels of Caspurea replacement for soybean meal in concentrate at 0, 25, 50 and 75%. Concentrates were formulated to contain 14% CP and were fed at 2.0% BW. All animals were fed ad libitum urea treated rice straw as roughage. The results showed that total dry matter intake (5.5, 5.5, 5.2 and 5.3 kgDM day-1; p>0.05) was not significantly different among dietary treatments. DM digestibility (71.2, 72.1, 71.2 and 67.7%; p<0.01) was lowest in 75% replacement diet. DM digestibility decreased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) as the level of Caspurea increased. Ruminal ammonia-N concentration (8.5, 8.8, 9.5 and 13.3 mg%; p<0.01) was highest in 75% replacement diet and increased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) with increasing the level of Caspurea. Moreover, linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) decreases in TVFAs (127.4, 123.6, 119.8 and 96.4 mM L-1; p<0.01) observed were (total volatile fatty acid) reflecting increases in level of Caspurea. Increase in level of Caspurea caused linearly (p<0.01) decrease in bacteria (2.6, 2.5, 2.5 and 2.4x1010 cell mL-1) and protozoa populations (2.2, 2.2, 2.1 and 1.9x105 cell mL-1). Nitrogen absorption (65.5, 64.7, 60.6 and 57.7 g day-1) were also lowest in 75% replacement diet (p<0.01) however, among 0, 25 and 50% replacement groups were not differ. With increasing the level of Caspurea, N absorption was decreased. Nitrogen retention (%N intake) (24.1, 23.6, 25.3 and 13.6%N intake) tended to increase in 50% replacement diet (p = 0.05) while, in 0, 25 and 50% replacement diet groups were not differ, moreover, N retention tended to decreased linearly (p = 0.08) as the level of Caspurea increased. Blood urea nitrogen (22.5, 23.2, 23.3 and 24.6 mg%; p<0.01) was highest in 75% replacement diet and BUN increased linearly (p<0.01) with increasing the level of Caspurea. These results indicated that 50% replacement diet by Caspurea for soybean meal in concentrate has positive effects on Thai native x Brahman crossbred beef cattle production. |
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Pramote Paengkoum
and
Kanin Bunnakit
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This experiment aimed to study the effects of cassava pulp mixed with urea Gelatinizes (Caspurea) on productive performance of Thai native x Brahman beef cattle. Four yearling Thai native x Brahman beef cattle with average live weight of 154.7±26.8 kg were used in a 4x4 Latin square arrangement of treatments with 4 periods, each period consisted 21 days. The treatments were levels of Caspurea replacement for soybean meal in concentrate at 0, 25, 50 and 75%. Concentrates were formulated to contain 14% CP and were fed at 2.0% BW. All animals were fed ad libitum urea treated rice straw as roughage. The results showed that total dry matter intake (5.5, 5.5, 5.2, 5.3 kgDM day-1; p>0.05) was not significantly different among dietary treatments. DM digestibility (71.2, 72.1, 71.2, 67.7%; p<0.01) was lowest in 75% replacement diet. DM digestibility decreased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) as the level of Caspurea increased. Ruminal ammonia-N concentration (8.5, 8.8, 9.5, 13.3% mg; p<0.01) was highest in 75% replacement diet and increased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) with increasing the level of Caspurea. Moreover, linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) decreases in TVFAs (127.4, 123.6, 119.8, 96.4 mM L-1; p<0.01) observed were (total volatile fatty acid) reflecting increases in level of Caspurea. Increase in level of Caspurea caused linearly (p<0.01) decrease in bacteria (2.6, 2.5, 2.5, 2.4 (x1010 cell mL-1)) and protozoa populations (2.2, 2.2, 2.1, 1.9 (x105 cell mL-1)). Nitrogen absorption (65.5, 64.7, 60.6, 57.7 g day-1) were also lowest in 75% replacement diet (p<0.01), however, among 0, 25 and 50% replacement groups were not differ. With increasing the level of Caspurea, N absorption was decreased. Nitrogen retention (%N intake) (24.1, 23.6, 25.3, 13.6 % N intake) tended to increase in 50% replacement diet (p = 0.05) while, in 0, 25 and 50% replacement diet groups were not differ, moreover, N retention tended to decreased linearly (p = 0.08) as the level of Caspurea increased. Blood urea nitrogen (22.5, 23.2, 23.3, 24.6% mg; p<0.01) was highest in 75% replacement diet and BUN increased linearly (p<0.01) with increasing the level of Caspurea. These results indicated that 50% replacement diet by Caspurea for soybean meal in concentrate has positive effects on Thai native x Brahman crossbred beef cattle production. |
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Pramote Paengkoum
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Eighteen crossbred (Thai native x Anglo-Nubian) goats were chosen from a commercial farm on the basis of similar bodyweight (17.0±3.8 kg). The goats were randomly allocated to three treatments in Randomized CompletSchool of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailande Block Design (RCBD). Each goat was given corn silage as roughage plus the respective treatment diets. The diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic containing cassava pulp, molasses, urea and commercial mineral and vitamin mix. The experimental treatments were Soybean Meal (SBM), partial substitution of SBM with Neem (Azadirachta indica) fodder or partial substitution of SBM with Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) fodder. Nutrients intakes, ruminal characteristics (pH, ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids), nitrogen balances, plasma urea nitrogen were not significantly different among treatments. The present results indicate that protein foliages locally grown shrubs and trees can substitute imported feedstuffs concentrate (e.g., SBM) as protein supplement for goat production. |
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Pramote Paengkoum
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The objective of this study was to determine the protein requirement for the maintenance of male Thai native cattle. About 18 cattle with body weight of 125±4.9 kg were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications (block) and 4 treatments. Cattle were fed with dietary Crude Protein (CP) levels of 5.0, 8.0 and 11.0% CP with similar amounts of metabolizable energy. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibility increased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of CP. Moreover, Nitrogen (N) intake, N absorption and N retention increased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of CP. Prediction equation CP intake (g CP kg-1 BW0.75) with relation to average daily gain (ADG, g kg-1 BW0.75) was CP intake = 0.409 ADG + 4.22 (R2 = 0.883, SE = 0.624, p<0.01, n = 18). From these equations, it can be explained that the CP requirement for the maintenance of male Thai native cattle is 4.22 gCP kg-1 BW0.75. |
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Shengchang Chen
,
Pramote Paengkoum
,
Xianlin Xia
and
Pongchan Na-Lumpang
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Six male growing Thai-indigenous beef cattle with Body Weight (BW) of 154±13.18 kg were randomly assigned in replicated 3x3 Latin square design and fed with differences levels Crude Protein (CP) Total Mixed Ratio (TMR) diets. Crude Protein (CP) levels in diets were 4, 7% and 10% base on Dry Matter (DM), respectively. Dry Matter Intake (DMI) increased iinearly (p<0.01) with increasing crude protein concentration. There was not significantly different (p>0.05) digestibility of DM, Organic Matter (OM), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF). Ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration increased (p<0.01) with increasing CP level. Rumen pH, total VFA, acetate, propionate and butyrate were not affected by CP levels (p>0.05). Nitrogen (N) intake, urinary N excretion, N digestibility, N retention (g day-1) and N retention (Percentage of N intake) increased linearly with increasing dietary CP levels (p<0.05) and was affected significantly (p<0.01) by diet of CP levels, respectively. However, the fecal N excretion was not affected (p>0.05) by dietary CP levels. The CP for maintenance requirement in growing Thai-indigenous beef cattle was 3.54 g kg-1 BW0.75 which was estimated by using linear regression of N retention and N intake. |
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Pramote Paengkoum
and
M. Wanapat
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying levels of sunflower seed meal on feed intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation of goats fed corn silage as roughages. Eight growing crossed Thai native x Anglo-Nubian goats between 8-10 months of age and pre-trial average body weight of 14.2±1.7 kg were allotted into two groups on the basis of body weight in a randomized double 4 x 4 Latin square design to investigate the utilization of concentrate mixtures of varying levels of Sunflower Seed Meal (SSM). The four concentrate mixtures had SSM included at 0% (control), 7.3 % (SSM1), 14.5% (SSM2) and 22.0% (SSM3) in concentrate as replacing Soybean Meal (SBM) with SSM as 25% CP, 50% CP and 75% CP, respectively. On average, all parameters measured, including Dry Matter Intake (DMI), nutrients digestibility, ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N), ruminal total Volatile Fatty Acid (total VFA), individual VFAs concentration (mM/L), microbial N supply and N retention increased (p<0.05) with the addition of SSM in concentrate up to 14.5% (SSM2) in concentrate, thereafter decreased (p<0.05) in goats fed SSM 22% (SSM3). The results indicated that replacing SBM with SSM as 50 %CP (SSM2), resulted in higher animal performance as a consequence of improved ruminal fermentation, microbial yield and N balance, but decreased (p<0.05) with 22.0% SSM diet. It is concluded that sunflower seed meal can successfully replace soybean meal 50% CP as a protein source in growing goats. |
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Pramote Paengkoum
,
S. Traiyakun
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J. Khotsakdee
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S. Srisaikham
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S. Paengkoum
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The aim of this research was to evaluate the digestibility of the Guava (Psidium guajava I.) and Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) leaves, using in saaco (nylon bag) technique and a three-step techniques on microbial in the rumen. Three dairy cattle of 4-5 years old with an average BW of 475.5±20 kg each one fitted with a permanent rumen were used. The results have shown ruminal Dry matter and crude protein disappearances increased with rumen incubation time for all feedstuffs. Dry matter degradability in the rumen of Guava (Psidium guajava I.) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) respectively. The loss of DM by washing of Guava leaves was higher than Jack fruit. Similarly, the loss of CP by washing of Jack fruit was higher than guava leaves and degradability of water insoluble fraction Guava leaves was higher than Jack fruit. The results have illustrate with the intention of degradability in the rumen degradability of jack fruit were lower (p<0.05) than guava. Crude protein digestion in the intestinal of jack fruit was higher (p<0.05) than guava leaves. The proportion of CP digestion in the intestinal of guava were significantly higher (p<0.05) than jack fruit. Moreover, CP digestion in total tract of guava was higher (p<0.05) than that of Jack fruit. These results indicate that two locally leaves as alternative feed resources such as guava could substitution the alternative feedstuffs etc. |
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Pramote Paengkoum
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K. Bunnakit
and
O. Pimpa
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This experiment aimed to study the effects concentrate mixed with Extrusion-processed Mixture of Cassava Pulp and Urea (EMCPU) and varying levels of Ruminal Undegradable Protein (RUP) on productive performance of crossbred (Thai Native x Brahman) beef cattle. Four cattle with an average bodyweight of 175.5±18.6 kg) were used in a 4x4 Latin square arrangement of treatments with 21 days periods. The treatments were the concentrate mixed with EMCPU and varying levels of RUP at 30, 35, 40 and 45% (T1, T2, T3 and T4). Animal were fed at 2.0% BW of concentrate mixed and all animals were fed ad libitum with urea treated rice straw as roughage. The results showed that dry matter intake increased linearly (p<0.01) as the level of RUP increased. Moreover, organic matter digestibility increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing the level of RUP. Ruminal ammonia-N concentration was highest in 30% RUP. In addition, linearly decrease in ruminal ammonia-N (p<0.01) reflected increases in level of RUP however, at 45% RUP, NH3-N was increased quadratically (p<0.01). Total volatile fatty acid (94.3, 113.25, 116.7, 112.1 mM L-1; p<0.01) increased linearly (p<0.01) as the level of RUP increased. However, at 45% RUP, TVFAs decreased quadratically (p<0.01). Increase in bacteria and protozoa populations reflected increased in level of RUP from 30-40%. However, bacteria and protozoa populations were decreased (quadratically, p<0.05) as the level of RUP increased from 40-45%. Nitrogen absorption was not significantly different among dietary treatments. Nitrogen retention (20.9, 19.7, 31.0, 21.5 g day-1; p<0.05) was highest in 40% RUP and tended to increase as level of RUP increased however, at N retention at 45% RUP tended to decrease (quadratically, p = 0.1). These results indicated that 35% CP from EMCPU replacement for RUP levels at 40% in concentrate have positive effects on crossbred Native x Brahman beef cattle production. |
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Pramote Paengkoum
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S. Traiyakun
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The objective of this study was to determine the digestibility of Leucaena and Jackfruit foliages using nylon bag technique. Three crossbred (Thai nativexAnglo-Nubian) goats with an average 16±1.3 kg each fitted with a permanent rumen were used. Ruminal DM and CP disappearances increased with rumen incubation time for all feedstuffs. Dry matter degradation rates of Jackfruit foliage was significantly higher (p<0.05) than Leucaena foliage. The loss of DM by washing of Jackfruit was higher than Leucaena foliage. Similarly, the loss of CP by washing of Leucaena foliage was higher than Jackfruit foliage and degradability of water insoluble fraction of Jackfruit foliage was higher than Leucaena foliage. The potential degradation and the effective degradability of DM and CP for Jackfruit foliage were high than Leucaena foliage. |
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Pramote Paengkoum
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The objective of this study was to determine the protein requirement for the maintenance of male Thai native cattle fed with Pangola hay as roughage. Eight cattle with body weight of 104±10.3 kg were arranged in double 4x4 Latin square design. Cattle were fed with dietary Crude Protein (CP) levels of 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and 11.0% CP with similar amounts of metabolizable energy. Crude protein digestibility increased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of CP. Moreover, Nitrogen (N) intake, N absorption and N retention increased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of CP. Prediction equation N retention (g kg-1 BW0.75) with relation to N intake (g kg-1 BW0.75) was N retention = - 0.616 + 0.930 N intake (R2 = 0.993, SE = 0.056, p<0.001, n = 8). From these equations, it can be explained that the CP requirement for the maintenance of male Thai native cattle is 0.662 gN kg-1 BW0.75 or 4.14 gCP kg-1 BW0.75. |
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