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Articles by P.A. Onyeyili
Total Records ( 6 ) for P.A. Onyeyili
  E.A. Moses , V.O. Ogugbuaja , P.A. Onyeyili and J.C. Akan
  Organic composition and toxicity of dusts collected in and around Maiduguri metropolis were investigated. High performance liquid chromatographic technique was used to determine the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons (anthracene, naphthalene, benzene and pyridine) in the samples. Haematological parameters, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cell counts (WBC), Haemoglobin estimation (HB) and Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts were used as biomarkers to identify possible toxic effects of exposure to dust samples. Low concentrations (0.0157 ±0.002 and 0.0133 ±0.004 mg g-1) of anthracene and naphthalene were measured on the dust samples while benzene and pyridine were not detected. Intravenous and intratracheal administration of dust decreased significantly (p<0.05) the RBC, Hb and PCV in goats when compared to the control group. The values of WBC however increased when dust was administered intratracheally and intravenously. The result obtained do not suggest any evidence of substantial anthropogenic pollution of this environment
  Y.A. Geidam , A.G. Ambali and P.A. Onyeyili
  Resistance of some bacteria, especially some stains of E. coli to common antimicrobial agents has created an urgent need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs from herbs that are safe, cheap and may overcome the resistance of the pathogens. The crude aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf which is known to possess some antibacterial properties was further subjected to sequential fractionation with organic solvents (chloroform, ethyl acetate, normal butanol) of different polarity. This was done until the organic layer was visibly clear to obtain chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol soluble fractions and residual aqueous fraction. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of organic solvents soluble fractions and residual fraction of the extract on some gram positive and gram negative microbes were carried out. The different fractions showed variation in phytochemical constituency and thus in their antibacterial properties. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the extract showed broad spectrum antibacterial properties against all the organisms tested. The fraction also showed a good activity against E. coli at a relatively lower concentration and hence could possibly be use against E. coli infections.
  E.U. Etuk and P.A. Onyeyili
  This study was to determine the effect of salmonella typhimurium infection on the plasma kinetic profile of chloramphenicol in the locally breed goats of Sokoto state, Nortwestern Nigeria. Chloramphenicol administered intravenously at the dose of 25 mg kg-1 body weight to healthy and salmonella typhimurium infected goats; assayed chemically and pharmacokinetic parameters assessed by use of two compartment open model has shown significant changes in the kinetic profile of the drug after the infection. The mean plasma concentrations of the drug were lower in the inoculated goats. The volume of distribution (Vdβ), total body clearance (Cl) and elimination constant (β) were significantly higher while the distribution half life (t½α), elimination half life (t½β) and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) were significantly reduced after the infection. Salmonella typhimurium infection has altered the distribution of chloramphenicol, increased the loss of the drug and reduced its mean residence time in the body of the goats.
  A.C.U. Ezimah , E.A. Nwankwo , G.R.A. Okogun , J.C. Ihongbe , P.A. Onyeyili , A.C. Ene , P.U. Bassi and S.J. Yahaya
  In this case control study, we compared the Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) of two groups of HIV positive persons that consisted of 262 AIDS patients and 158 asymptomatic HIV-antibody positive subjects with a control group of 204 HIV-antibody negative subjects. The mean CD4+ cell counts per cubic millimeter were 187 for the AIDS patients, 495 for the asymptomatic HIV patients and 920 for the control group. TAS levels in mmol L-1 were 0.34 ± 0.08 for AIDS patients, 0.77 ± 0.29 for asymptomatic patients and 1.4 ± 0.13 for controls. The CD4+ counts and TAS showed no gender biases but they differed significantly between the groups; p<0.05. The TAS was progressively depleted in HIV infected persons as the disease progressed from asymptomatic state to AIDS.
  E.U. Etuk , B.M. Agaie , P.A. Onyeyili and C.U. Ottah
  This study examines the effect of aqueous extract of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark on castor oil induced diarrhoea in albino rats. Graded doses of the extract (100, 200 and 300 mg kg-1) were administered orally to three groups of rats (n = 6) before induction of diarrhoea with castor oil. Another two groups of the animals were treated with normal saline (control) and diphenoxylate, a conventional anti-diarrhoea drug respectively. In a separate experiment, an isolated ileum of rabbit was mounted in an organ bath containing aerated Tyrode solution. The tissue was stimulated with acetylcholine (2 μg) and its responses recorded. Various concentrations of the extract (2, 5, 10 and 20 μg) were applied to the tissue and the responses recorded. The responses were similarly recorded when acetylcholine was separately combined with atropine and 10 μg of the extract. The extract produced a significant inhibition of the castor oil induced diarrhoea in the animals in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, the extract relaxed isolated rabbit ileum and reduced the contractions induced by acetylcholine in a manner similar to atropine during the in vitro studies. These findings suggest that, aqueous stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii possesses anti-diarrhoea effect, which may be related to anticholinergic mechanisms.
  B.M. Agaie , P.A. Onyeyili , B.Y. Muhammad and M.J. Ladan
  Some toxic effects of the aqeous leaf extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus was evaluated in rats using changes in haematological and biochemical parameters as well as body weight changes. The results indicate that the extract had no significant effect (p>0.05) on haematological parameters except the packed cell volume and lymphocytes. Significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent increase were observed in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. Serum sodium and potassium were not affected by extract administration. However, total protein, bilirubin, urea and cholesterol as well as body weight values were significantly lower than in the control especially in groups that received higher doses. The results of this study therefore suggest that the leaf extract of this plant could affect feed intake and utilization and also elicit some changes in biochemical parameters of rats.
 
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