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Articles by P. Kafas
Total Records ( 13 ) for P. Kafas
  C. Stavrianos , L. Vasiliadis , I. Stavrianou and P. Kafas
  Clinical evaluation of the accuracy of an electronic apex locator, Ray-Pex 5, was carried out in 85 single-rooted teeth with vital pulp tissue. The normal procedure was followed, which included a standard endodontic access opening, pulp removal and irrigation of the root canal with 5.25% NaOCl. The working length of the selected teeth was estimated with Ray-Pex 5, using a size 15 K-file. The files were cemented at the measured working length and the teeth were extracted. It is thought that absolute comparisons could be made only with the actual working length directly measured after extraction of the teeth. For the teeth where the tip of the file was not visible at the apical foramen, the Berman-Fleischman technique was used. In locating the apical foramen Ray Pex 5 was 95% accurate, with clinically acceptable estimation within"0.5 mm. Ray Pex 5 was accurate 97.5% of the time to"1 mm. The significance of the difference between the electronically and microscopically assessed sample was found at the level of p< 0.01 when paired t-test performed (95% CI for the difference -0.496, -0.204). The electronic device used for this study was found reliable in estimating the real length of the tooth root minimizing the need for multiple periapical x-rays during endodontic treatment.
  S. Dalampiras , P. Kafas and D. Bougas
  Dental anxiety is a specific term describing the mental status of the patient when visiting dental clinic. This may be applied before dental treatment or during operation. It was our clinical interest to evaluate this psychological status before dental treatment in the waiting room. This research protocol achieved ethics approval by the relevant committee of the hospital. Two hundred fifty six patients agreed to volunteer a few minutes by completing a specially designed questionnaire. According to the protocol, all the patients (n=256) accepted the information leaflet and signed the consent form. The statistical analysis of the data revealed that first time dental patients and the factor "age" are inversely correlated to anxiety at significant levels, p<0.05. Concluding, a relation between social phobia and general form of anxiety may be emphasized requiring further study on the interrelations. Anxiety seemed to be found more commonly in patients experienced a previous painful dental treatment.
  P. Kafas , M. Theodoridis , D. Dionysopoulos , I. Andreou and N. Dabarakis
  Tooth whitening is a common procedure used to improve appearance of a discolored tooth. Many parameters have been described that based on the chemical influence of the bleaching agent on enamel-dentin surface. The final appearance may be compatible to the "brightness" of the tooth surface. In other terms the reflection of light from the bleached tooth area was assessed using digital methods. Luminosity as a method of photometry on measuring the luminance of basic colors may be considered as the simplest method of measuring the light reflection of green, blue and red. Concluding, the use of 38% hydrogen peroxide supported by diode laser slightly increased luminosity using digital photometry.
  C. Stavrianos , P. Kafas and I. Stavrianou
  Dental evaluation is used by forensic dentists in the identification process of victims. In cases of deformed external features or characteristics of the victim the recognition is difficult without assessing dental morphological signs. We report a case of fatal burn injury where the victim’s characteristics were totally deformed. The removal of mandible and maxilla was essential for the identification process. The technique is discussed with a special interest on the documents kept including digital photography. The storage of the specimens is significant for future evaluation and law recall.
  S. Dalampiras and P. Kafas
  Hypodontia is a developmental absence of permanent or deciduous teeth. In cases where narrow space is available in horizontal and vertical dimension the restoration with implants may be difficult. This case described the way of solving such a challenging case with NanotiteTM Tapered CertainR microminiplant. The limitations of the narrow space are discussed with a great focus on the implant solution.
  C. Stavrianos , L. Vasiliadis , I. Stavrianou , M. Diedrich and P. Kafas
  The aim of this study, is to evaluate the changes appearing on the pulpal wall of root dentine with age with special reference to the number and diameter of dentinal tubules’ openings as well as to the morphology of calcospherites. For this purpose 38 permanent human teeth, 22 premolars and 16 canines, of patients between 9 and 60 years of age, were experimentally fractured. After specific preparation they were studied with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was assessed that the number and width of dentinal tubules was considerably greater in teeth of younger patients and the highest number of openings and greatest diameter were observed at sides were formation was ongoing. The pulpal surface of dentine of younger patients was relatively smooth and after the removal of organic material and predentin an active front of calcification was observed by means of calcospherites. In teeth of older patients, the pulpal surface of dentine was irregular and instead of an active calcification process, a calcified net of interlacing branches of collagen fibers was observed. Lateral root canals were seen in a greater amount in younger patients. The calcification process inside and around the lateral root canals was intense compared to adjacent sides showing formation of predentine and active front calcification. These findings indicate the significant changes appearing with age on the pulpal surface of root dentine implying changes in dentine permeability.
  I. Nazaroglou , E. Matoulas , P. Kafas , C. Papadopoulou and D. Charitoudi
  Osseointegration of titanium dental implants is the most essential factor, which is predictive of the stable function of structures that are based on implants. Additionally, the adequate regeneration of peri-implant soft tissues, provides protection against the bacterial invasion and consequently averts the development of peri-implantitis. Nowadays, several types of laser are widely used to accelerate healing of epithelium, connective tissue and bone. Especially, the application of low-power laser, seems to have a stimulatory action on peri-implant tissues repair. The aim of this study is to show the results of several studies, mainly based on animal experimental models, that investigate the beneficial action of low-power laser, when it is applied to enhance the regeneration of alveolar bone, of soft tissues and to increase the integration of several types of graft materials.
  E. Matoulas , I. Nazaroglou , P. Kafas and D. Charitoudi
  Nowadays, distraction osteogenesis is being widely used for increasing the height of the alveolar ridge before the placement of dental implants. Distraction osteogenesis can be considered as an alternative to many other augmentation techniques. Compared with the conventional techniques of bone grafting and guided bone regeneration, alveolar distraction osteogenesis seems to have significant advantages such as, lower infection rate, no donor site morbidity and gain of soft tissue. It can be achieved by intraosseous or extraosseous devices and the whole procedure includes the latency phase, the distraction phase and the consolidation phase. Despite the referred advantages, the technique still has significant limitations. Consequently, alveolar distraction osteogenesis cannot be considered as an uncomplicated procedure. However, complications related to this technique are mainly minor and can be solved with simple treatment. According to many studies, it can be concluded that although, distraction osteogenesis is an effective surgical procedure to treat vertical alveolar deficiencies, especially before implant placement, there is a need for more clinical studies on implants placed in distracted alveolar bone based on long-term follow-up.
  P. Kafas , W. Jerjes , C. Hopper and S. Dalabiras
  This prospective study reports the postoperative complications rate in third molar surgery in patients aged 30-36 years. Patients recruited from two dental hospitals in England and Greece. Standardized data collection included the patient’s name, age, gender, radiographic position of extracted tooth, grade of surgeon, closeness to inferior dental nerve, postoperative complications, smoking status and the intake of oral contraceptives by females. The results of this study showed that infection and abscess, trismus, swelling, bleeding, sore throat, dry socket, problematic healing were not significantly different to younger groups from other studies. The lip sensation using chi-squared found to correlated significantly in patients 30-36 years old (p< 0.05) but the results are not considered precise due to differences in homogeneity between this and other studies. Complications in this specific age group were not higher than other age groups when patients are younger; this study does not support the prophylactic removal of third molars.
  P. Kafas , N. Dabarakis and M. Theodoridis
  A male patient, 65 years old presented to the clinic with generalized gingival overgrowth on the anterior mandible. The nifedipine intake, a calcium channel antagonist, caused this pathological condition. The diode laser applied on gingival tissues without injected anaesthesia. The healing was assessed and found to be uneventful. The advantages and disadvantages of this technique are discussed.
  T. Upile , W. Jerjes , P. Kafas , N. Angouridakis and C. Hopper
  Lichen planus is a common dermatologic disease. In the oral cavity, lichen planus can appear on any mucosal surface, the most common areas are the posterior buccal mucosa and the tongue. Oral lichen planus (OLP) affects approximately 0.5-2% of the population. We present our experience using a specialized Hopkin’s rod, the micro-endoscope, which provides magnified images of up to 150 times that allows a detailed examination of pre-stained mucosal surface. We also present a practical office methodology for the use of this scope in the clinical practice. The micro-endoscopic appearance of the lesion correlates very well with the typical histological appearance of lichen planus. The micro-endoscopic appearances were markedly different from those of squamous cell carcinoma.
  I. Nazaroglou , P. Kafas and N. Dabarakis
  Postoperative pain in dentistry is always a task for the clinician. Subdividing broadly the pain into the field of oral surgery, endodontics and restorative dentistry it is more easily to assess the aetiology and management. This review study addressed the value of assessment using the previously mentioned subgroups as a general area of interest. It is worth noting that postoperative pain may be expected in various dental procedures. Post-surgical pain affects, in a very high degree, patients comfort and sequentially the dental job.
  I. Nazaroglou , E. Matoulas , P. Kafas and N. Dabarakis
  During the last 10 years, several scientists around the world investigate the effect of growth factors on the reconstruction of mandibular and maxillary bone. The aim of these studies is the use of safer materials and techniques that could promise a good result. Platelet in Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) contain a very big amount of growth factors as PDGF, TGF- , VEGF and IGF. The aim of this study, is the review of the results of several researches that are based on the potential of PRP to enhance bone healing at humans and animals, mainly in combination with graft materials. In this study results of the most important studies, based on the use of PRP, are exposed and analyzed. These findings are controversial. Some researchers insist on the positive effect of PRP on bone augmentation, while others do not support the use of PRP as a technique with certain advantages. It is important for researchers to consecrate some certain protocols about studies transaction, homogeneity of the samples, PRP preparation, PRP use and the evaluation of the results. In addition to the above mentioned, physical, biological and biochemical properties of growth factors must be identified to offer the opportunity of good and long-lasting treatment. Overall, PRP application is very promising, especially for the treatment of no totally healthy patients whose condition requires fast ant safe procedures of bone and other tissue healing.
 
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