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Articles by Abdus Salam
Total Records ( 17 ) for Abdus Salam
  Anwar Manzoor Rana , Abdul Faheem Khan , Abdus Salam and M. Tariq Bhatti
  Commercially available two different compositions of(a+β) and lead-tin-brasses were solution treated at 815°C for ½ hr and aged at 400 and 500°C for ½ and 1 hr. The tensile test data were analyzed to find the UTS (ultimate tensile strength), elastic modulus, %elongation and reduction in area. The UTS for (a+β) brass with different heat treatments was found to vary between 371.42 to 417.40 N/mm2 with elongation of 25.7-30.15% and between 474.00 to 619.03 N/mm2 with elongation of 4.60-9.75% for lead-tin-brass. The Rockwell hardness (HRF) with these heat treatments were observed to decrease variably for both (a+β) and lead-tin-brass.
  Anwar Manzoor Rana , Abdul Faheem Khan and Abdus Salam
  Prepared specimens of pure aluminum (99.999%) in the form of thin sheets of 100 µm thickness were used for electrical resistivity measurements. Samples were quenched at different temperatures ranging from 373 K to 723 K for 30 minutes. Samples were also annealed for a constant time of 30 minutes at different temperatures (373 K to 673 K). It was observed that resistivity of pure aluminium increases with increase in temperature. The effect of annealing and quenching on electrical resistivity had also been observed. It was found that the room temperature resistivity increases with increase in quenching temperature but decreases after subsequent annealing at various temperatures. Increase in resistivity after quenching was found to be due to creation of defects and imperfections such as vacancies and dislocations etc. Decrease in resistivity after annealing cab be attributed to recovery and recrystallization processes.
  Abdul Faheem Khan , Anwar Manzoor Rana , Abdus Salam , M. Iqbal Ansari and Nazar Hussain
  Commercially available two different compositions of (a+β) brass and lead-tin-brass were annealed, normalized and solution treated at 815ºC for ½ hr. The tensile test data were analyzed to fine the UTS (ultimate tensile strength), elastic modulus, %elongation and reduction in area. The UTS of (a+β) brass with different heat treatments was found to vary between 360.81 to 417.40 MPa with elongation of 8.6-32.0% and between 399.72 to 474.00 MPa with elongation of 4.6-9.9% for lead-tin-brass. The Rockwell hardness (HRF) with these heat treatments was observed to decrease variably for (a+β) brass and also for annealed and normalized samples of lead-tin-brass but increased for solution treated sample.
  Muhammad Ali , Abdus Salam , Saima Goher , Kamran Tassaduqe and Muhammad Latif
  The present study was carried out to investigate the fillet composition of fresh water farmed Labeo rohita in relation to body size. For this purpose forty-five specimens ranged in total length from 15.6 to 31.5 cm and in weight from 36.82 to 350.17 g were collected from Government Fish Seed Hatchery Mian Channu during November 2001. After the removal of head, scales, fins and viscera, the remaining trunk (processing yield) was cut into fore, mid and hind fillets. Each fillet was dried and powdered for the analysis of dry mass, water mass, ash content, organic content (all on percentage basis). There was a good correlation between water content (%) and other constituents (% ash, % organic mass) of the processing yield. Body mass and total length significantly affect the processing yield and nutrient constituents. Equations were developed to describe the relationships between body constituents and body mass and length. ANOVA was applied to assess the difference among the body composition parameters. Significant differences were found in these fillets, which indicates the quantitative and qualitative nature of fillets for nutritive purposes.
  Kamran Tassaduqe , Muhammad Ali , Abdus Salam , Muhammad Latif , Nazish Afroze , Samrah Masood and Soban Umar
  The present study was carried out to investigate chemical composition of gallstones and their presentation in patients of different age groups of human population in Multan, Pakistan for a period of 18 months from August 2001 to January 2003. Gallstones were diagnosed by ultrasound and ultra sonography specifically in gallbladder and in bile duct. After cholecystectomy gallstones were washed, dried and analyzed by infrared spectroscopic and chemical method for various bio-chemical components. Of the 303 cases of gallstones, 274 (90.42%) were in gall bladder and 29 (9.57%) were in the bile duct. The predominant symptoms associated with gallstones were pain in hypochondrium, 164 (54.12%), vomiting 54 (17.82%), nausea 30 (9.90%), fever 38 (12.54%) and fatty food 17 (5.61%). According to the chemical composition of the gallstones, most of the stones examined in this study were of cholesterol 86 (28.30%), calcium oxalate 53 (17.40%), calcium phosphate 21 (6.90%), pure uric acid 31 (10.30%), pure bile 55 (18.40%) carbonate + magnesium 33 (10.80%) and others 24 (7.90%) were of mixed lithiasis. Of these cases the incidence of formation of cholesterol stone, was maximum in all age groups of both sexes.
  Muhammad Naeem , Abdus Salam and Arghwan Jafar
  In the present study intramuscular injection of Ovaprim-C was studied on the number of eggs kg 1, fertilization rate and hatching percentage during May, 2002 in fish hatchery Islamabad on Thaila, Catla catla. Fishes were spawned successfully following a single dose of injection of ovaprim (LH-RH analogue) with 0.7 mL kg 1 for female and 0.2 mL kg 1 for male, ova and milt were stripped simultaneous and mixture was stirred for 15-30 sec during which fertilization occurred. Hatching occurred within 18-32 h after fertilization. Experiment was conducted in circular spawning tank with 2m diameter. Regression analysis was applied to assess the body weight dependence of absolute fecundity (total number of eggs) and relative fecundity (number of eggs kg 1). It was observed that body weight has positive influence on absolute fecundity (r = 0.983) while relative fecundity remains fairly constant with increasing body weight (r = 0.453). Equations were developed to describe these relationships. If it is impossible to determine the relative fecundity then it can be determined from the body weight. The equations of these parameters are highly significant (p< 0.001) and can be used to estimate the relative fecundity with a fair amount of accuracy.
  Kamran Tassaduqe , Muhammad Ali , Abdus Salam , Humera Kalsoom , Asma Salam and Soban Umar
  The present study was carried out to assess prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in relation to sex, age, promotive factors, associated symptoms and season among human urban population of Multan, Pakistan for a period of 32 months from June 2001-February 2004. The present study was based on the data, collected randomly from the human population aging from 1-72 years. The population was divided into three age groups i.e old (age above 50 years), mature (age 13-50 years) and young (age below 13 years). The results from the present study suggested that among the observed urban population of Multan (n=2531), prevalence of HBV was 7.94%. The prevalence of HBV when studied in different age groups of both sexes, it was found that prevalence of HBV was maximum (9.63%) in mature males as compared to young males (6.14%) and old males (5.44%). The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen was higher (7.94%) in young females as compared to mature females (7.32%) and old females (6.80%). The main promotive factors for HBV were unscreened blood transfusion 56 (27.86%), infected syringes 34 (16.91%), contaminated barber, parlor tools 32 (15.92%), contaminated dentist equipments 29 (14.43%) and contaminated surgery equipment 25 (12.44%). The reported cases of HBV positive patients were maximum in summer 146 (72.63%) as compared to 55 (27.36%) in winter.
  Muhammad Asif , Ihsan Khaliq , Muhammad Aslam Chowdhry and Abdus Salam
  Five wheat varieties/lines viz; HABA-4, HABA-12, Pitic-62, Pak-81 and LU26S were crossed in a diallel fashion to determine the mode of inheritance of some important spike characteristics. Number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike and grain yield per plant were governed by over dominance type of gene action. Number of spikelets per spike, spike length and 1000-grain weight were ruled by partial dominance with additive type of gene action except spike length in which non additive type of gene action was observed. Epistasis was absent for all the traits studied.
  Muhammad Ali , Abdus Salam , Furhan Iqbal and Bakhtyawar Ali Khan
  Growth of fish population from two sites was significantly different from each other (comparison of b = 2.9 and 2.29 P < 0.001). Condition factor also showed similar trend. Mean value of condition factor for site 1, K = 1.04 and mean condition factor for site 2, K = 0.75. Growth performance was higher in site 1 than fishes of site 2. It is concluded that the conditions for growth of Channa punctata were better at site 1, i.e., Basti Rattan Wali, Multan than at site 2, i.e., Talagang, Chakwal.
  Kamran Tassaduqe , Muhammad Ali , Abdus Salam and Soban Umar
  The present study was carried out to assess the haemoglobin level of different age groups of human population in Multan, Pakistan for a period of 18 months from June 2001 to December 2002. The study revealed that both old and mature male/females had significantly higher percentage of haemoglobin level than youngs. The percentage haemoglobin of males was significantly higher than females. Hb percentage was significantly higher in summer than winter. Whereas overall percentage haemoglobin when compared for male and females with standard levels, the whole population was found to be below the normal range. Therefore it is concluded that the experimental population appears to be anaemic.
  Kamran Tassaduqe , Muhammad Ali , Abdus Salam , Muhammad Latif and Tasveer Zahra
  The present study was carried out to investigate the seasonal variations in physico chemical and biological parameters of River Indus for a period of eleven months from November 1993 to September 1994. For this purpose five different locations, Kaloorkot, Darya Khan, Ghazi Ghat Taunsa Barrage and Chachran Sharif were selected for sampling. Water samples were collected on monthly basis and were analyzed for estimation of water temperature, temperature above surface of water, temperature above surface of bank, pH and total dissolved solids. Only Darya Khan was selected for studying planktonic life. The minimum value of temperature of water 0°C in winter months while the maximum temperature of water was 36.67°C in the month of July. The minimum pH 6.9 was recorded in the month of June, while in winter months pH goes on increasing, reaching up to 8.9 showing that in winter months pH of water increases and in summer months pH of water decreases. The minimum value of total dissolved solids was 0.3 mg l-1 in April and 12.49 in August showing an increase in total dissolved solids in winter months. During the whole study 43 different genera of phytoplankton and 17 different genera of zooplankton were observed at Darya Khan. The parameters were analyzed to investigate probable pollution at different points in River Indus to suggest ways and means to improve the feeding and conservation of Indus Dolphin ecology.
  Kamran Tassaduqe , Tariq Aziz , Muhammad Ali , Shahnaz Kousar , Abdus Salam and Soban Umar
  The present study was carried out to assess the lipid profile in relation to sex, age in non-obese and non-diabetic patients with essential hypertension among human population of Multan, Pakistan for a period of 24 months from June 2001 to May 2003. The study revealed that there was a highly significant effect of age on total cholesterol of both hypertensive and normotensive individuals.The highest level of total cholesterol was present in hypertensive patients of 41-45 age group. The normotensive had low level of total cholesterol than hypertensive. There was no effect of age on triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. Hypertensive patients had higher level of LDL cholesterol than normotensive. The male had significantly higher level of total cholesterol than female and higher LDL cholesterol. The male had marginally higher level of triglycerides than females. There was no effect of sex on HDL cholesterol. When comparison was made between mild, moderate and severe hypertensive patients, it was found that severe hypertensive patients had significantly higher level of total cholesterol and triglycerides than mild and moderate hypertensive patients. There was no effect of severity of hypertension on HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.
  Muhammad Ali , Abdus Salam , Saima Jamshaid and Tasveer Zahra
  The current study was started from March to December 2001 to investigate the seasonal variations in biological parameters and biodiversity in water of River Indus at Ghazi Ghat (D.G. Khan) by analyzing the frequency of occurrence, relative abundance and diversity index of planktonic life. Density and diversity of Planktonic life was used as a measure of water quality. Phytoplankton were abundant as compared to Zooplankton. 125 Phytoplankton genera were recorded. Among these 17 of Cyanophyta, 3 of Cryptophyta, 1 of Pyrrophyta, 10 of Chrysophyta, 5 of Xanthophyta, 18 of Bacillariophyta, 8 of Euglenophyta, 49 of Chlorophyta, 4 of Charophyta, 1 of Rhodophyta, 7 of Macrophyta and one genera of filamentous algae. 44 genera of Zooplankton were observed including 22 of Protozoans, 10 of Rotifers, 6 of Cladocera and 6 of Copepoda.
  Furhan Iqbal , Muhammad Ali , Abdus Salam and Younas Kohkar
  The present study was designed to demonstrate the seasonal variations in inorganic elements of River Soan at Dhoak Pathan Bridge, for a period of eight months from May 2001 to December 2001. Water samples were collected on monthly basis and different metals were detected through atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The levels of Zn and Mg concentrations were below the detection limit. Na concentration was maximum in May (168.75 ppm) and minimum in July (22.5 ppm). K concentration was maximum in December (12.31 ppm) and minimum (3.94 ppm) in August. Ca concentration was maximum in May (34.25 ppm) and minimum in October (4.25 ppm). Maximum variation was observed in case of Sr. Sr was not detected in May and July while maximum (0.47 ppm) Sr was detected in November and minimum (0.04 ppm) in June. The overall levels of inorganic elemental concentrations were within the safe limits at the sampling site throughout the study period
  Muhammad Naeem and Abdus Salam
  Eighty one Farmed Bighead Aristichthys nobilis of different body size ranging 8.80- 47.81 cm total length and 6.86-1766.0 g body weight were used for the analysis of morphometric variable of head length, head width, dorsal fin length, body girth, body depth, tail length and width in relation to total length and body weight of the fish to investigate allometric growth. It was observed that all these relations showed very high correlations. Slopes of the log transformed data were used to compare with an isometric slope, it was found that all the parameters examined showed isometric growth in relation to either total length or body weight, growth in weight is almost proportional to the cube of its length, the values of the slope which is not consistent with cube law. Regression parameters were found to be highly significant.
  Abdus Salam , Muhammad Naeem and Shehnaz Kauser
  In the present study fifty two fresh water wild Puntius chola of variable sizes ranging from 5.0-9.5 cm total length and 1.95-13.02 g body weight were sampled from the reservoir of fish seed hatchery Rawalpindi to investigate the parameters of weight-length and condition factor. Log transformed regressions were used to test the allometric growth. Each fish was measured and weighed. It was observed that growth in weight is almost proportional to the cube of its length. The value of the slope b = 2.80 which coincides with the slope of that of an ideal fish. Condition factor (K) remains fairly constant with increasing length or weight. Regression parameters were found to be highly significant.
  Muhammad Naeem , Abdus Salam , Farha Diba and Atifa Saghir
  In the present study effect of intramuscular injection of Ovaprim-C was studied on the number of eggs kg 1, fertilization rate and hatching percentage during May, 2002 in fish hatchery Islamabad on silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Fish spawned successfully following a single dose of injection of ovaprim (LH-RH analogue) with 0.6 mL kg 1 for female and 0.2 mL kg 1 for male. Ova and milt were stripped simultaneously and mixture was stirred for 15-30 sec during which fertilization occurred. Hatching occurred within 18-32 h after fertilization. Regression analysis was applied to assess the body weight dependence of absolute and relative fecundity. It was observed that body weight has positive influence on absolute (r = 0.990) and relative fecundity (r = 0.708). Equations were developed to describe these relationships. If it is impossible to determine the absolute and relative fecundity directly, then these parameters can be determined from the body weight. The equations of these parameters are highly significant (p<0.001) and can be used to estimate the absolute and relative fecundity with a fair amount of accuracy.
 
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