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Articles by V. Valenza
Total Records ( 10 ) for V. Valenza
  F. Carini , G.A. Scardina , A. Leone , P. Messina and V. Valenza
  The problem of dental hypersensitivity has posed considerable problems in dentistry for a long time; a product containing ferric oxalate has been tested recently. The desensitizer was tested on 20 teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons; the samples were analysed under SEM to check the effectiveness of dentin tubule occlusion in relation to application times. Then, the product was applied in vivo in a single layer in some patients, in a double layer in others. Subsequently, an acid solution was applied on the surface of the tooth covered with the product; pain reappeared in some patients after a single application, while no pain reappeared in those patients treated with a double layer. This means that the thickness of the desensitizer layer is very important as regards its effectiveness in time.
  G.A. Scardina , A. Ruggieri , F. Carini , A. Cacioppo , V. Valenza and P. Messina
  The aim of this study is the comparative evaluation of the serum levels of retinol in patients affected by leukoplakia and oral lichen planus. The study has been conducted through a statistical investigation with the purpose to underline possible variations of such levels, provided that meaningful, between the two groups. The retinol, an important molecule belonged to the family of retinoids, has an important anti-oxidant action and for this characteristic it can neutralize metabolic products (including reactive oxygen species), interfere with activation of procarcinogenes, prevent binding of carcinogens to DNA, inhibit chromosome aberrations, restrain replication of the transformed cell, suppress actions of cancer promoters and it may even induce regression of precancerous oral lesions. Leukoplakia and Oral Lichen Planus are oral precancer lesions with a greater potential of neoplastic malignant transformation that often show a strong subepithelial accumulation of inflammatory cells. Serum levels of retinol were estimated by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Statistical analysis has been conducted with the Mann-Whitney U-test and we used P.A.S.T., ver. 1.53; a freeware developed by P.D. Ryan, D.A.T. Harper and J.S. Whalley in 1995 and up-to-date to the last version in September 2006. No significant differences were noticed in retinol serum levels in leukoplakia and oral lichen planus cases examined in this study. This result suggests that low serum retinol levels are not risk factors for occurrence of leukoplakia and oral lichen planus.
  G.A. Scardina , A. Ruggieri , F. Carini , A. Cacioppo , V. Valenza and P. Messina
  The Hodgkin`s disease, also known as Hodgkin`s lymphoma, is a cancer of the lymphatic system. Its origin, pathogenesis and characteristics cell constitution are clear as also the diagnostic algorithm and the therapeutic manage. The aim of this research is to describe the oral manifestations of the disease: Complications of the treatment or lesions associated to other diseases as disckeratosis congenital or the follicular lymphoid hyperplasia of oral cavity. These associations have been studied even if their pathogenetic mechanisms are unclear. It`s also important, in dentistry, the confirmed association with the Sjogren syndrome and the primary manifestation of the Hodgkin`s lymphoma in the parotid gland, which is possible and reported in literature but rare and actually object of research.
  G.A. Scardina , A. Ruggieri , F. Carini , A. Cacioppo , V. Valenza and P. Messina
  The Nuclear Factor- k B (Nf-k B) is a Factor of Transcription (FT) ubiquitin preserved in the eukaryotic cells. Nf-k B is activated by numerous stimuli including viral and bacterial products, ultraviolet radiations, oxidant radicals, cytokines and various chemical substances. Once activated, Nf-k B directly checks, or with the cooperation of other factors of transcription, the activity of over 100 genes that produce cytokines, factors of growth, chemokines, molecules of adhesion, proteins of the acute phase. The transcriptional factor NF-k B is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular system and in the process of formation of atherosclerotic lesions. In fact, NF-k B, in the activated state, is identified in situ in atherosclerotic human plates, while it’s absent in vases exempted by atherosclerotic lesions. Recent study has shown that the infection by HSV-1 is able to activate NF-k B in persistent way and to higher levels respect to the others deriving from subsequent exposure to inflammatory cytokines in various types of human cells. Moreover, the virus interferes with the self-regulating system of NF-k B, with consequent exacerbation of the inflammatory state. For this reason, NF-k B could represent an interesting target for new chemotherapic drugs with anti-viral action and anti-inflammatory in the herpetic infections. The biggest part of the anti-inflammatory actions of the Glucocorticoids (GC) depends by their ability to interfere with the functions of transcription factors, such as NF-k B. Tissue lesions, cytokines, free radicals and oxidized damages induce the activation of the NF-k B, whose action determines increase of the synthesis of COX2 and therefore of the production of some prostaglandins with pro-inflammatory function. Finally, the inhibition of the COX2 and NF-k B operated by the FANSs has shown, in some cases, benefits anticancer effects. For all of these influences on many pathologic processes, Nf-k B can be considered as target of pharmacological treatment and object of continuous studies.
  G.A. Scardina , G. Fuca , A. Ruggieri , F. Carini , A. Cacioppo , V. Valenza and P. Messina
  Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection of the oral cavity. It is common and underdiagnosed among the elderly, particularly in those who wear dentures and in many cases is avoidable with a good mouth care regimen. It can also be a mark of systemic disease, such as diabetes mellitus and is a common problem among the immunocompromised. Oral candidiasis is caused by an overgrowth or infection of the oral cavity by a yeast-like fungus, candida.The important ones are C albicans, C tropicalis, C glabrata , C pseudotropicalis, C guillierimondii, C krusei, C lusitaniae, C parapsilosis and C stellatoidea. C albicans, C glabrata and C tropicalis represent more than 80% of isolates from clinical infection. Oral candidiasis is the most common human fungal infection especially in early and later life. The incidence varies depending on age and certain predisposing factors. There are three broad groupings consisting of acute candidiasis, chronic candidiasis and angular cheilitis. Chronic hyperplastic candidosis/candidiasis (CHC; syn. candidal leukoplakia) is a variant of oral candidosis that typically presents as a white patch on the commissures of the oral mucosa. Risk factors include impaired salivary gland function, drugs, dentures, high carbohydrate diet, smoking, diabetes mellitus, Cushing`s syndrome, malignancies and immunosuppressive conditions. The aim of the research is to describe the clinical manifestations of the disease.
  G.A. Scardina , F. Carini , V. Valenza , P. Messina and E. Maresi
  Kawasaki Disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis, predominately affecting children under 5 years of age. KD is characterized by fever, bilateral non-exudative conjunctivitis, erythema of lip and oral mucosa, cervical lymphadenopathy, changes in the extremities and polymorphous exanthema. The major sequelae of KD are related to the cardiovascular system, especially the coronary arteries. This study analyzed the anatomical-pathological substrata of oral mucositis in 1 baby affected by KD.
  G.A. Scardina , F. Carini , G. Fuca , V. Valenza and P. Messina
  Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a disease of the central nervous system, involves the nerves of the spinal cord and brain. Common early symptoms include visual disturbances, facial pain or trigeminal neuralgia and paresthesia or numbness of feet, legs, hands and arms. Also, many of the medications used in the symptomatic management of the condition have the potential to cause Dry Mouth and associated Oral Disease. Patients taking these medications have a predisposition to hemorrhage and are particularly susceptible to infection. The principal side effects of the medications in the oral cavity are: Stomatitis, ulcers, gingivitis, candidiasis and certain other opportunistic infections (e.g. herpes simplex). Dentists should also be aware of the importance of this disease in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of certain oro-facial lesions or conditions. This study reviews the oro-facial manifestations of the disease and discusses the dental implications.
  G.A. Scardina , A. Ruggieri , F. Carini , V. Valenza and P. Messina
  Macrolides are considered the second choice in the odontostomatological practice especially in case of allergic reactions to the most important and well-known group of a-lactams. This group of antibiotics are more diffused in the daily practice of dentistry but during the time macrolides have shown a big potential in constant increasing. In this study, we report a review of the major features of these antibiotics which have become in the time farmacological choice effective and reliable versus bacterial infections supported by a-hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci, staphylococci, enterococci, mycoplasma, mycobacteria, some rickettsia and chlamydia. Furthermore, we refer about the recent researches that show the anti-inflammatory potentiality of the macrolides and the recent discoveries on the new pharmacological targets to exceed the problem of the bacterial resistance: the efflux pumps. Finally, we expose about a new class of antibiotic derived directly by the macrolides: Ketolides. They represent the future of the macrolides.
  F. Carini , G. Cocorullo , C. Lo Piccolo and V. Valenza
  Desmoid tumors are rare neoplasms of the soft tissues which develop from fibrous tissues and are histologically characterized by fibroblastic proliferation. They tend to recur at the local site of a previous condition and they do not metastasize. The general clinical presentations manage to simulate the malignant neoplasia from the same histological group. The authors have may have these tumors in the local area on the abdominal wall which can be treated by a large surgical cut in order to avoid recurrence.
  A.S. Mancuso , F. Carini , G.A. Scardina , L. Lipari , D. Lipari , C. Lo Piccolo , P. Messina , V. Valenza , G. D’Agostino and A. D’Agostino
  From the second half of the nineties, Total IntraVenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) has been adopted with more than satisfactory results in oral medicine and otolaryngology surgical interventions of medium duration. The aim of the research was to evaluate the Inhalatory anaesthesia Vs TIVA in oral surgery and laryngectomy. Forty six patients were enrolled and randomly divided in 2 groups, identified with letters A and B. On group A patients, anaesthesia was carried out with TIVA method, while group B patients received a conventional balanced gasoeus anaesthesia. The data collected revealed an undeniable superiority of TIVA compared to gaseous anaesthesia with regard to patient comfort and to a remarkable reduction of surgical and hospitalization times. The key factor to fulfil these conditions, however, was a thorough knowledge of the technique and the possibility of having proper monitoring. TIVA can be adopted with satisfactory results in oral and otolaryngology surgery.
 
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