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Articles by J.H. Cho
Total Records ( 10 ) for J.H. Cho
  J.H. Cho and I.H. Kim
  This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannanase and xylanase supplementation in low energy density diets on performances, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and meat quality in finishing pigs. Mannanase and xylanase improves the nutrient utilization by hydrolyzing Non-starch Polysaccharide (NSP) that prevents the nutrient digestion and absorption. A total of ninety-six pigs (Landracex Yorkshire)xDuroc, 69.1±1.4 kg average initial b.wt.) were used in a 8 week study. Pigs were allotted into four treatments with six pens/replicates (2 barrows and 2 gilts per pen) per treatment in completely randomized design according to its sex and bodyweight. Dietary treatments were: PC (positive control; basal diet), NC (negative control; 120 kcal kg-1 lower energy diet), NM (NC+0.05% mannanase) and NMX (NC+0.025% mannanase and 0.025% xylanase complex). The present results suggested that the inclusion of NMX led to a higher Average Daily Growth (ADG) than NC treatment (p<0.05). The Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) was depressed by NMX treatment compared with NM treatment (p<0.05). Pig fed NMX treatment led to a higher growth efficiency (G:F) than NC and NM treatments (p<0.05). Dietary NMX treatment increased Apparent Total Tract Digestibility (ATTD) for gross energy in 4 week and nitrogen in 8 week (p<0.05) compared with NC treatment. Significantly higher (p<0.05) blood glucose concentration was observed in NMX treatment (83.83 mg dL-1) than NC treatment (77.17 mg dL-1) in 8 week. Dietary NC, NM and NMX treatment decreased the 10th-rib backfat thickness compared with PC treatment (p<0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of β-mannanase and xylanase could improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and reduce the backfat thickness with low density diet comparable to the high nutrient density diet.
  J.H. Cho and I.H. Kim
  This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary microencapsulated n-3 fatty acid supplementation at different concentrations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, carcass characteristics and fatty acids compositions of muscle and adipose tissue in finishing pigs. Insufficient and unbalanced amount of essential fatty acids may cause a number of diseases such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases but high consumption improves growth performance, brain development and disease resistance. A total of 150 pigs with initial Body Weights (BW) of 55.66±1.42 kg were used in the 12 week experiment. Pigs were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments with 10 pens per treatment and 5 pigs per pen. The three dietary treatments included: (1) CON (basal diet), (2) FA15 (CON+1.5% n-3 fatty acid) and (3) FA30 (CON+3.0% n-3 fatty acid). Results of the whole experimental period showed that additions of 1.5 and 3.0% of n-3 fatty acid to the diet did not affect (p>0.05) growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood characteristics in finishing pigs. The Average Daily Gain (ADG) was 724, 743 and 754 g in CON, FA15 and FA30, respectively at the end of experiment. Pigs fed the FA30 treatment diet had a decreased (p<0.05) Longissimus Muscle (LM) area compared with those fed the FA15 treatment diets. Palmitic acid percentage of LM was decreased (p<0.05) by the FA15 and FA30 dietary treatments compared with the CON dietary treatment. Total n-3/n-6 ratio of both LM and subcutaneous adipose (s.c. adipose), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total n-3 of s.c. Adipose in the FA15 and FA30 dietary treatments were greater (p<0.05) than those in the CON dietary treatment. In conclusion, there were no observed effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs associated with microencapsulated n-3 fatty acid supplementation.
  J.H. Cho and I.H. Kim
  Two experiments were conducted to evaluate fermented fish meal as a new animal protein source on N balance, Apparent Total Tract (ATTD) and ileal AA Digestibility (AID) in weanling pigs. In Exp. 1: total 40 [(LandracexYorkshire)xDuroc] barrows were randomly allocated 4 treatments (10 pigs per treatment) for a 12 days metabolic trial. The dietary treatments of Exp. 1 and 2 were SFM (small fish), LFM (small fish fermented with L. acidophilus), AMFM (Anchovy-Mackerel Fish Meal, LT®) and MFM (Mackerel Fish Meal, BIO-CP®). N concentrations in the feces were found to be greater in pigs fed SFM than pigs fed AMFM (p<0.05). The AID of Arg, Val and Cys was greater in pigs fed LFM than in SFM (p<0.05). The AID of all AA except Met, Tyr was greater in pigs fed MFM than in SFM (p<0.05). In Exp. 2: 16 [(LandracexYorkshire)xDuroc] barrows were surgically equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum. They were allotted 4 treatments (4 pigs per treatment) for evaluating the AID. The AID of His, Thr and total AA was greater in pigs fed AMFM and MFM than in SFM (p<0.05). The AID of Val was greater in pigs fed MFM than in SFM (p<0.05). The AID of Asp and Ser was greater in pigs fed MFM than in SFM (p<0.05). The AID of Glu was greater in pigs fed AMFM and MFM than in SFM (p<0.05). The AID of dispensable and total AA was greater in pigs fed LFM, AMFM and MFM than in SFM (p<0.05).
  J.H. Cho and I.H. Kim
  Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) which is the precursor of is synthesized by the condensation of glycine and succinyl-CoA with ALA synthetase as a coenzyme. This reaction is a mandatory step in heme synthesis and is rate-determining for the pathway. After several intermediate reactions, ALA is transformed into protoporphyrin IX. Subsequently, an iron atom is inserted into the porphyrin ring of protoporphyrin IX with the help of ferrochelatase forming heme. According to this reaction mechanism, supplementation of ALA in livestock can affect heme synthesis, positively influence the iron contentor hemoglobin status of animals. By increasing iron transfer efficiency from sow to piglets, through elevated milk iron concentrations immune system response could improve during inflammatory challenge.
  J.H. Cho , P.Y. Zhao and I.H. Kim
  Probiotics (Direct-Fed Microbial: DFM) have been established for use as a feed additive; researchers have observed many beneficial effects of such by improving the intestinal microbial balance in livestock. The functions of probiotics within a Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) are suggested to include the following: competing with pathogenic bacteria for nutrients in the gut; competing with pathogens for binding sites on the intestinal epithelium; producing compounds that are toxic to pathogens and Stimulating the immune system. The applications of probiotics provide a potential alternative strategy to antibiotic use in livestock. It is suggested that probiotics should be used as a feed additive in livestock.
  J.H. Cho and I.H. Kim
  The available energy in utilizable fats and oils is about 2.25 times that from utilizable carbohydrates (although, there is a considerable range in values), they supply essential fatty acids can have an influence on carcass quality and are useful in reducing dust and promoting palatability of compound diets. There are two kinds of oil sources. First, the major sources of vegetable oil are as follows: soya beans, palm, sunflower seed, rape seed, coconut, cotten seed. Second, the major sources of animal fats are as follows: cattle tallow sheep fat, pig lard and fish oils. For pigs, fats include decrease feed intake and increased palatability, growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass fat.
  J.H. Cho , Y.J. Choi and I.H. Kim
  A total 100 weaned pigs [(Landrace x Yorkshire) x Duroc; 8.33 kg average initial BW] were used to evaluate the effects of fish meal from different origins on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. The dietary treatments were TLF (8 and 5% Triple Nine® low temperature fish meal in Phase 1 and 2, respectively), TF (8 and 5% Triple Nine® fish meal), FLF (8 and 5% FF Skagen® low temperature fish meal) and EF (8 and 5% El Golfo® fish meal). In Phase 1 and 2, experimental diets were fed for 10 and 14 days, respectively. In Phase 3, the same diet without fish meal was fed to evaluate after-effect of fish meal on growth performance after Phase 2. There were 5 replications with 5 pigs per pen. From days 0-10, pigs fed TF and EF diets had greater (p<0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed the TLF and FLF diets. Pigs fed the TF diet had improved (p<0.05) gain/feed ratio compared to pigs fed the FLF diet. From days 10-24, pigs fed the TLF diet had higher (p<0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed the FLF diet. Gain:feed ratio of the FLF group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the other groups. From days 24-36, pigs fed the EF diet had greater (p<0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed TLF and TF diets. Pigs fed FLF and EF diets had improved (p<0.05) G:F ratio than pigs fed the TLF and TF diets. Overall (days 0-36), pigs fed EF diet had greater (p<0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed the TLF and TF diets. Pigs fed EF diet had higher (p<0.05) compared to pigs fed the TLF and FLF diets. With regard to nutrient digestibility, pigs fed TF diet had greater (p<0.05) Dry Material (DM), Nitrogen (N), Crude ash, Ca compared to pigs fed the other diets. Pigs fed TLF and EF diets had improved (p<0.05) P than pigs fed the FLF diet. Gross Energy (GE) of the FLF group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the other groups. In conclusion, feeding nursery pigs diets containing EF can improve growth performance compared to those fed diets containing the other fish meals.
  K.Y. Hwang , J.H. Cho , J.Y. Lee , K.D. Kang , S.I. Seong and I.H. Kim
  Microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus sp., Clostridium sp. and E. coli which have been used as animal probiotics for a long time are well suited to their major purpose and are known to be beneficial inside the animal digestive tract. Bacillus probiotics play a significant role in improving the productivity of animals (livestock) by producing various useful metabolites under optimal culture conditions. In addition, they actively contribute to improving the environment of domesticated animals through the promotion of immunity against diseases and improvements in feed efficiency.
  S.B. Cho , J.H. Cho , O.H. Hwang , S.H. Yang , K.H. Park , D.Y. Choi , Y.H. Yoo and I.H. Kim
  This study was conducted to investigate the fermented diet including grape and apple pomace on amino digestibility, nitrogen balance and volatile fatty acid in finishing pigs. A total of 24 finishing pigs ((Yorkshire x Landrace) x Duroc) with an average BW of 63.42±9.78 kg were used in this experiment. Pigs were allotted to 6 experiment diets according to initial BW. Dietary treatments were: CON (dry compound diet), (fermented liquid compound diet), GF10 (fermented liquid compound diet with 10% grape pomace), GF20 (fermented liquid compound diet with 20% grape pomace), AF10 (fermented liquid compound diet with 10% apple pomace) and AF20 (fermented liquid compound diet with 20% apple pomace). The DM, CP and CF digestibility was highest (p<0.05) in CON and F treatments among treatments. The DM, EE, ash and Ca digestibility was highest (p<0.05) in AF10 treatment among treatments. All the detected Essential amino acid and non-essential amino acids digestibility were highest (p<0.05) in F treatment among treatments. All the detected essential amino acid and non-essential amino acids digestibility were lowest (p<0.05) in AF20 treatment except leucine and and proline digestibility were lowest (p<0.05) in GF20 treatment among treatments. The total essential amino acids, total non-essential amino acids and total amino acid digestibility was highest (p<0.05) in CON and F treatments and lowest in AF20 treatment among treatments. The dietary Lactobacillus concentration was increased (p<0.05) as the order of treatments listed in table and the Enterobacteriaceae concentration was decreased (p<0.05) in reverse order. The fecal acetic acid, isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid emission were higher (p<0.05) in CON treatment than other treatments. The slurry acetic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid emission was higher (p<0.05) in AF10 treatment than other treatments. The feed intake and feces excretion were highest (p<0.05) in AF20 treatments among treatments. The feces (DM) excretion was highest in GF20 treatment and lowest (p<0.05) in F treatment among treatments. The Fecal nitrogen, urinary nitrogen, nitrogen retention, fecal nitrogen excretion ratio, urinary nitrogen excretion ratio and nitrogen retention ratio were highest in AF20 treatment, F treatment, AF10 treatment, AF20 treatment, CON treatment and AF10 treatment, respectively. In conclusion, the supplementation of grape and apple pomace in finishing pig diets limited the approximate chemical composition and amino acid digestibility. The supplementation of grape and apple pomace in finishing pig diets could benefit the beneficial bacterial and decreased VFA emission in feces. High apple pomace (20%) supplementation level caused high feces excretion. The low level (10%) of apple pomace supplementation improved the nitrogen retention.
  J.H. Cho , L. Yan and I.H. Kim
  Owing to the restriction of most antibiotic feed additive for livestock in the European Union (EU) in 2006. A great effort has been devoted towards developing antibiotic alternatives to stabilize the health and growth performance in livestock. Therefore, various substances have been suggested such as feed enzymes, probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids and phytogenic feed additives among which phytogenic feed additive were generally consisted of herb, spices and botanical. The study is concerning a kind of herb named Korean wild ginseng which had already been used in Eastern Asia countries. Researchers reviewed the current state of knowledge of Korean wild ginseng as well as the understanding of mechanism involved in promotion of productivity and health statues of animals.
 
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