Abstract:
Chemical mediated nephrotoxicity has been recognized. Para-phenylene Diamine (PPD)
a widely used chemical in a variety of industrial products and in almost all hair
dye formulation has been tested for its glomerular histopathology after 6 months
topical application in two different dosages (0.5 and 1 mg/kg/day) in female Wistar
rats. Serum biomarker creatinine and blood urea of kidney injury pointed a significant
(p<0.01) increased and decreased Na+ and Cl levels as well as body weights
and the mean relative kidney weights were affected by the treatment regard to
both the exposure time and the concentration of PPD. Histopathological findings
include microscopical damage caused by PPD treatment. Such as glomerular hypertrophy,
hyperemia swelling glomerular lining epithelium and mesangial matrix expansion
in group III as well as lobulation of glomerular tufts, glomerular cells vacuolation,
diffused hyaline and thickening of glomerular basement membrane also seen in group
IV. Electron microscopic changes in the group III confirm glomeruli proliferation
of the podocytes and mesangial cells, podocytes pedicles fusion and lysis nuclear
membrane ruptured, mitochondrial, RER damage. PPD caused various renal corpuscles
histological changes in group IV, necrotic of glomerular podocytes, mesangial
cells and endothelial cell with detachment accompanied by floppy and vacuolated
cytoplasmic extension. Capillaries collapsed and filled with deformed red blood
cells (RBCs), neutrophils, macrophages and cellular debris were been observed.
Moreover, the podocytes manifested more intensive deterioration than those observed
in group III which indicated deformed nucleus and pedicles ruptured, lead to lysis
and damage of cytoplasmic organelles. These results highlight the need to reduce
exposure to PPD, with particular attention being paid to the known sources of
PPD. In addition, public education and strict control over the sale and distribution
of PPD should be done to reduce poisoning by this compound.
Laila A. Hummadi , 2012. Histopathological and Ultrastructural Changes in Renal Corpuscle of Female Rats Topical Application by P-phenylene Diamine. International Journal of Zoological Research, 8: 106-120.
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